@article{3056612,
    title = "Circulating sex hormones in relation to anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors in an international dataset of 12,300 men",
    author = "Watts, E.L. and Appleby, P.N. and Albanes, D. and Black, A. and Chan, J.M. and Chen, C. and Cirillo, P.M. and Cohn, B.A. and Cook, M.B. and Donovan, J.L. and Ferrucci, L. and Garland, C.F. and Giles, G.G. and Goodman, P.J. and Habel, L.A. and Haiman, C.A. and Holly, J.M.P. and Hoover, R.N. and Kaaks, R. and Knekt, P. and Kolonel, L.N. and Kubo, T. and Le Marchand, L. and Luostarinen, T. and MacInnis, R.J. and Mäenpää, H.O. and Männistö, S. and Metter, E.J. and Milne, R.L. and Nomura, A.M.Y. and Oliver, S.E. and Parsons, J.K. and Peeters, P.H. and Platz, E.A. and Riboli, E. and Ricceri, F. and Rinaldi, S. and Rissanen, H. and Sawada, N. and Schaefer, C.A. and Schenk, J.M. and Stanczyk, F.Z. and Stampfer, M. and Stattin, P. and Stenman, U.-H. and Tjønneland, A. and Trichopoulou, A. and Thompson, I.M. and Tsugane, S. and Vatten, L. and Whittemore, A.S. and Ziegler, R.G. and Allen, N.E. and Key, T.J. and Travis, R.C.",
    journal = "PLOS ONE",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "12",
    number = "12",
    publisher = "Public Library of Science",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0187741",
    keywords = "androstanediol;  androstanediol glucuronide;  androstanolone;  androstenedione;  estradiol;  estrone;  prasterone sulfate;  sex hormone;  sex hormone binding globulin;  testosterone;  unclassified drug;  sex hormone, adult;  African American;  aged;  aging;  alcohol consumption;  anthropometry;  Article;  behavior;  body mass;  demography;  East Asian;  education;  human;  male;  marriage;  smoking;  very elderly;  blood;  information processing;  social class;  young adult, Adult;  Anthropometry;  Behavior;  Datasets as Topic;  Gonadal Steroid Hormones;  Humans;  Male;  Social Class;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Introduction Sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. To better understand disease etiology and the mechanisms of disease-risk factor associations, this analysis aimed to investigate the associations of anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors with a range of circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin. Methods Statistical analyses of individual participant data from 12,330 male controls aged 25–85 years from 25 studies involved in the Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group. Analysis of variance was used to estimate geometric means adjusted for study and relevant covariates. Results Older age was associated with higher concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin and dihydrotestosterone and lower concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide and free estradiol. Higher body mass index was associated with higher concentrations of free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide, estradiol and estrone and lower concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Taller height was associated with lower concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and higher concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide. Current smoking was associated with higher concentrations of androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone. Alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and androstanediol glucuronide. East Asians had lower concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide and African Americans had higher concentrations of estrogens. Education and marital status were modestly associated with a small number of hormones. Conclusion Circulating sex hormones in men are strongly associated with age and body mass index, and to a lesser extent with smoking status and alcohol consumption. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication."
}