@article{3057867,
    title = "Progress in the biological and chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: A critical review",
    author = "Ahmed, M.B. and Zhou, J.L. and Ngo, H.H. and Guo, W. and Thomaidis, N.S. and Xu, J.",
    journal = "Journal of Hazardous Materials",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "323",
    pages = "274-298",
    publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
    issn = "0304-3894",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.045",
    keywords = "Activated carbon;  Activated carbon treatment;  Activated sludge process;  Bioreactors;  Effluents;  Endocrine disrupters;  Hybrid systems;  Impurities;  Oxidation;  Ozone;  Ozone water treatment;  Ozonization;  Pesticides;  Photocatalysis;  Photolysis;  Toxicity;  Wastewater treatment, Activated sludge;  Biological activated carbon;  Emerging contaminant;  Emerging contaminant (ECs);  Endocrine disruption chemicals;  Future research directions;  Membrane bio reactor (MBR);  Wastewater treatment plants, Biological water treatment, activated carbon;  ferrous gluconate;  water;  drug residue, activated carbon;  activated sludge;  biological method;  bioreactor;  catalysis;  chemical method;  effluent;  endocrine disruptor;  oxidation;  ozonation;  pollutant removal;  PPCP;  waste technology;  wastewater treatment, activated sludge;  anaerobic digestion;  Article;  biofilm reactor;  biosorption;  chlorination;  constructed wetland;  denitrification;  Fenton reaction;  human;  membrane reactor;  microalga;  nitrification;  nonhuman;  ozonation;  photocatalysis;  photolysis;  trickling filter;  waste component removal;  waste water management;  water contamination;  bacterium;  bioreactor;  chemistry;  fungus;  isolation and purification;  procedures;  sewage;  waste water;  water pollutant, Bacteria;  Bioreactors;  Drug Residues;  Fungi;  Photolysis;  Sewage;  Waste Disposal, Fluid;  Waste Water;  Water Pollutants, Chemical",
    abstract = "This review focuses on the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) by biological, chemical and hybrid technologies in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results showed that endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs) were better removed by membrane bioreactor (MBR), activated sludge and aeration processes among different biological processes. Surfactants, EDCs and personal care products (PCPs) can be well removed by activated sludge process. Pesticides and pharmaceuticals showed good removal efficiencies by biological activated carbon. Microalgae treatment processes can remove almost all types of ECs to some extent. Other biological processes were found less effective in ECs removal from wastewater. Chemical oxidation processes such as ozonation/H2O2, UV photolysis/H2O2 and photo-Fenton processes can successfully remove up to 100% of pesticides, beta blockers and pharmaceuticals, while EDCs can be better removed by ozonation and UV photocatalysis. Fenton process was found less effective in the removal of any types of ECs. A hybrid system based on ozonation followed by biological activated carbon was found highly efficient in the removal of pesticides, beta blockers and pharmaceuticals. A hybrid ozonation-ultrasound system can remove up to 100% of many pharmaceuticals. Future research directions to enhance the removal of ECs have been elaborated. © 2016 Elsevier B.V."
}