@article{3058077,
    title = "Short-term associations between fine and coarse particulate matter and hospitalizations in Southern Europe: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project",
    author = "Stafoggia, M. and Samoli, E. and Alessandrini, E. and Cadum, E. and Ostro, B. and Berti, G. and Faustini, A. and Jacquemin, B. and Linares, C. and Pascal, M. and Randi, G. and Ranzi, A. and Stivanello, E. and Forastiere, F. and Angelini, P. and Bisanti, L. and Catrambone, M. and Chiusolo, M. and Davoli, M. and de’ Donato, F. and Demaria, M. and Gandini, M. and Grosa, M. and Ferrari, S. and Pandolfi, P. and Pelosini, R. and Perrino, C. and Pietrodangelo, A. and Pizzi, L. and Poluzzi, V. and Priod, G. and Rowinski, M. and Scarinzi, C. and Zauli-Sajani, S. and Dimakopoulou, K. and Elefteriadis, K. and Katsouyanni, K. and Kelessis, A. and Maggos, T. and Michalopoulos, N. and Pateraki, S. and Petrakakis, M. and Rodopoulou, S. and Sypsa, V. and Artiñano, B. and Barrera-Gómez, J. and Basagaña, X. and de la Rosa, J. and Diaz, J. and Karanasiou, A. and Pey, J. and Querol, X. and Sunyer, J. and Tobias, A. and Bidondo, M. and Declercq, C. and Le Tertre, A. and Lozano, P. and Medina, S. and Pascal, L. and MED-PARTICLES Study Group",
    journal = "Environmental Health Perspectives",
    year = "2013",
    volume = "121",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1026-1033",
    publisher = "Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services",
    issn = "0091-6765, 1552-9924",
    doi = "10.1289/ehp.1206151",
    keywords = "nitrogen dioxide;  ozone;  particulate matter, adolescent;  air pollution;  air quality standard;  air temperature;  airborne particle;  article;  cardiovascular disease;  concentration (parameters);  genetic heterogeneity;  hospitalization;  human;  influenza;  morbidity;  particulate matter;  priority journal;  respiratory tract disease;  season;  sensitivity analysis;  Southern Europe;  time;  analysis;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  city;  Europe;  particle size;  particulate matter;  Poisson distribution;  Respiratory Tract Diseases;  statistics and numerical data;  theoretical model, Cardiovascular Diseases;  Cities;  Europe;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Models, Theoretical;  Particle Size;  Particulate Matter;  Poisson Distribution;  Respiratory Tract Diseases",
    abstract = "Background: Evidence on the short-term effects of fine and coarse particles on morbidity in Europe is scarce and inconsistent. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the association between daily concentrations of fine and coarse particles with hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in eight Southern European cities, within the MED-PARTICLES project. Methods: City-specific Poisson models were fitted to estimate associations of daily concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤ 10 (PM10), and their difference (PM2.5-10) with daily counts of emergency hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We derived pooled estimates from random-effects meta-analysis and evaluated the robustness of results to co-pollutant exposure adjustment and model specification. Pooled concentration-response curves were estimated using a meta-smoothing approach. Results: We found significant associations between all PM fractions and cardiovascular admissions. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5, 6.3 μg/m3 in PM2.5-10, and 14.4 μg/m3 in PM10 (lag 0-1 days) were associated with increases in cardiovascular admissions of 0.51% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.90%), 0.46% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.82%), and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.06, 1.00%), respectively. Stronger associations were estimated for respiratory hospitalizations, ranging from 1.15% (95% CI: 0.21, 2.11%) for PM10 to 1.36% (95% CI: 0.23, 2.49) for PM2.5 (lag 0-5 days). Conclusions: PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were positively associated with cardiovascular and respiratory admissions in eight Mediterranean cities. Information on the short-term effects of different PM fractions on morbidity in Southern Europe will be useful to inform European policies on air quality standards."
}