@article{3061063,
    title = "Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms and clinical outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with weekly docetaxel",
    author = "Koutras, A.K. and Kotoula, V. and Papadimitriou, C. and Dionysopoulos, D. and Zagouri, F. and Kalofonos, H.P. and Kourea, H.P. and Skarlos, D.V. and Samantas, E. and Papadopoulou, K. and Kosmidis, P. and Pectasides, D. and Fountzilas, G.",
    journal = "The Pharmacogenomics Journal",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    pages = "248-255",
    publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
    issn = "1470-269X, 1473-1150",
    doi = "10.1038/tpj.2013.36",
    keywords = "docetaxel;  vasculotropin;  antineoplastic agent;  docetaxel;  primer DNA;  taxoid;  vasculotropin A, adult;  article;  breast metastasis;  controlled study;  disease association;  drug efficacy;  drug response;  female;  gene deletion;  gene insertion;  genotype;  homozygote;  human;  major clinical study;  multiple cycle treatment;  overall survival;  phase 2 clinical trial;  priority journal;  progression free survival;  single nucleotide polymorphism;  treatment outcome;  VEGF gene;  aged;  Breast Neoplasms;  drug administration;  genetic polymorphism;  genetics;  metastasis;  middle aged;  nucleotide sequence;  pathology;  very elderly, Animalia, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Antineoplastic Agents;  Base Sequence;  Breast Neoplasms;  DNA Primers;  Drug Administration Schedule;  Female;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasm Metastasis;  Polymorphism, Genetic;  Taxoids;  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
    abstract = "The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genotypes with treatment efficacy in a phase II trial. This study evaluated weekly docetaxel, as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Existing data from in vitro and animal model experiments suggest that docetaxel at low doses has anti-angiogenic activity. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 86 patients participating in the trial. Genotyping was performed for selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; VEGF-2578, -1498, -1154, and +936). Moreover, due to the highly polymorphic nature of the studied areas, we were able to analyze additional registered SNPs. All candidate genotypes were evaluated for associations with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and response rate. The VEGF-1154 GG genotype was more frequent in patients not responding to treatment compared with responders (42.9% vs 0.0%, P=0.048). Moreover, the VEGF-2578 AA genotype was associated with longer PFS compared with CC (hazard ratio (HR)=0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.98; pairwise P=0.0457). Patients with the VEGF-1190 GG genotype demonstrated shorter PFS compared with those with the alternative genotypes (GA and AA) combined (HR=3.85; 95% CI: 1.20-12.50; P=0.0224). In addition, the VEGF-2551/-2534 homozygous del18bp and VEGF-2430/-2425 homozygous ins1bp genotypes were associated with worse PFS compared with no deletion and no insertion, respectively (HR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.02-6.07; pairwise P=0.0442 and HR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.05-6.27; pairwise P=0.0385, respectively). Furthermore, patients with the VEGF-1498 CC genotype exhibited longer median OS compared with those with the alternatives genotypes (CT and TT) combined (HR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.89; P=0.0311). In multivariate analysis, the VEGF-2578 AA genotype retained its significance (P=0.0220) for PFS. Our results support the association of specific VEGF genotypes with clinical outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with a potentially anti-angiogenic regimen, such as weekly docetaxel. However, current results should be validated prospectively in larger cohorts. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited."
}