@article{3062437,
    title = "Effect of exogenous catecholamines on tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and beta-endorphin levels following severe trauma",
    author = "Batistaki, C. and Kostopanagiotou, G. and Myrianthefs, P. and Dimas, C. and Matsota, P. and Pandazi, A. and Baltopoulos, G.",
    journal = "Vascular Pharmacology",
    year = "2008",
    volume = "48",
    number = "2-3",
    pages = "85-91",
    issn = "1537-1891",
    doi = "10.1016/j.vph.2007.12.003",
    keywords = "adrenalin;  adrenergic receptor stimulating agent;  beta endorphin;  catecholamine;  dopamine;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 6;  tumor necrosis factor alpha, adult;  APACHE;  article;  bleeding;  blood level;  blood sampling;  clinical article;  cytokine release;  drug effect;  drug mechanism;  female;  human;  inflammation;  male;  multiple trauma;  priority journal, Adult;  Aged;  beta-Endorphin;  Catecholamines;  Female;  Hospital Mortality;  Humans;  Infusions, Intravenous;  Intensive Care Units;  Interleukin-10;  Interleukin-6;  Length of Stay;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prospective Studies;  Severity of Illness Index;  Shock, Hemorrhagic;  Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome;  Time Factors;  Treatment Outcome;  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha;  Wounds and Injuries",
    abstract = "Cytokines and endogenous opioids are mediators of the post traumatic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous catecholamines on Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFa), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Beta(β)-endorphin levels in patients with severe trauma, during the first 24 h after injury. Forty four traumatized patients with haemorrhage class III and IV were included in the study. Patients were divided in two groups: Group 1 (adrenergic, n = 22) and Group 2 (non adrenergic, n = 22), depending on the use of exogenous catecholamines. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 24 h time points. Baseline values were different between the two groups, but an altered pattern of release was observed for TNFa, IL-6, IL-10 and β-endorphin levels in patients treated with catecholamines. ICU stay was longer for the adrenergic group, while survival after 1 month was significantly lower. Findings support an altered pattern of cytokine release during the early phase after trauma, probably due to catecholamine presence. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
}