@article{3062856,
    title = "Effect of different ventilatory strategies on local and systemic cytokine production in intact swine lungs in vivo",
    author = "Myrianthefs, P. and Boutzouka, E. and Venetsanou, K. and Papalois, A. and Kouloukousa, M. and Kittas, C. and Baltopoulos, G.",
    journal = "Vascular Pharmacology",
    year = "2006",
    volume = "44",
    number = "5",
    pages = "283-289",
    issn = "1537-1891",
    doi = "10.1016/j.vph.2005.12.004",
    keywords = "cytokine;  interleukin 10;  tumor necrosis factor alpha, animal cell;  animal experiment;  animal tissue;  article;  artificial ventilation;  breathing rate;  controlled study;  cytokine production;  in vivo study;  lung;  lung ventilation;  male;  nonhuman;  oxygen consumption;  positive end expiratory pressure;  priority journal;  protein blood level;  statistical analysis;  statistical significance;  swine;  tidal volume, Animals;  Blood Gas Analysis;  Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid;  Cytokines;  Interleukin-10;  Lung;  Male;  Pneumonia;  Respiration, Artificial;  Swine;  Time Factors;  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
    abstract = "The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different ventilatory strategies on local and systemic cytokine production in swine with intact lungs in vivo after 4 h of mechanical ventilation. Twenty-five swine were anesthetized and then randomized into five groups (n = 5): (1) low tidal volume zero PEEP (LVZP); (2) medium tidal volume zero PEEP (MVZP); (3) high tidal volume zero PEEP (HVZP); (4) low tidal volume PEEP (LVP); (4) high tidal volume PEEP (HVP). Respiratory rate was adjusted to maintain normocapnia and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was 1.0. TNF-α and IL-10 were measured in BALF and serum at baseline, 2 h, and 4 h of MV. One animal in LVZP (2 h) and two in HVP (3 h) group died before the end of the experiment. TNF-α level in BALF was significantly higher in LVZP and LVP at 4 h compared to baseline and the other groups. IL-10 level in BALF was significantly higher in LVP at 4 h compared to baseline and the other groups. There was a statistically significant increase in serum TNF-α levels at 4 h in LVP group compared to baseline and the other groups at 4 h. There was statistically significant increase in serum IL-10 levels in HVZP and LVP groups at 2 and 4 h which was significantly higher compared to the other groups at 4 h. Our results show that a) low volume MV may induce local and systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine increase b) in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine response there is also an anti-inflammatory response in the same compartment (lungs, circulation). c) There maybe loss of alveolar-to-systemic cytokine compartmentalization. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
}