@article{3063596,
    title = "Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope",
    author = "Aiello, S. and Akrame, S.E. and Ameli, F. and Anassontzis, E.G. and Andre, M. and Androulakis, G. and Anghinolfi, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Aublin, J. and Avgitas, T. and Baars, M. and Bagatelas, C. and Barbarino, G. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Martí, J. and Belias, A. and Berbee, E. and Berg, A.V.D. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Biagioni, A. and Biernoth, C. and Bormuth, R. and Boumaaza, J. and Bourret, S. and Bouwhuis, M. and Bozza, C. and Branzaş, H. and Briukhanova, N. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Buis, E. and Buompane, R. and Busto, J. and Calvo, D. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Celli, S. and Chabab, M. and Cherubini, S. and Chiarella, V. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Cocimano, R. and Coelho, J.A.B. and Coleiro, A. and Molla, M.C. and Coniglione, R. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Cuttone, G. and D'Onofrio, A. and Dallier, R. and Sio, C.D. and Palma, I.D. and Díaz, A.F. and Distefano, C. and Domi, A. and Donà, R. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Dörr, M. and Durocher, M. and Eberl, T. and Eijk, D.V. and Bojaddaini, I.E. and Elsaesser, D. and Enzenhöfer, A. and Ferrara, G. and Fusco, L.A. and Gal, T. and Garufi, F. and Gauchery, S. and Geißelsöder, S. and Gialanella, L. and Giorgio, E. and Giuliante, A. and Gozzini, S.R. and Ruiz, R.G. and Graf, K. and Grasso, D. and Grégoire, T. and Grella, G. and Hallmann, S. and Haren, H.V. and Heid, T. and Heijboer, A. and Hekalo, A. and Hernández-Rey, J.J. and Hofestädt, J. and Illuminati, G. and James, C.W. and Jongen, M. and Jongewaard, B. and De Jong, M. and De Jong, P. and Kadler, M. and Kalaczyński, P. and Kalekin, O. and Katz, U.F. and Chowdhury, N.R.K. and Kieft, G. and Kießling, D. and Koffeman, E.N. and Kooijman, P. and Kouchner, A. and Kreter, M. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lahmann, R. and Breton, R.L. and Leone, F. and Leonora, E. and Levi, G. and Lincetto, M. and Lonardo, A. and Longhitano, F. and Lotze, M. and Loucatos, S. and Maggi, G. and Mańczak, J. and Mannheim, K. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Markou, C. and Martin, L. and Martínez-Mora, J.A. and Martini, A. and Marzaioli, F. and Mele, R. and Melis, K.W. and Migliozzi, P. and Migneco, E. and Mijakowski, P. and Miranda, L.S. and Mollo, C.M. and Morganti, M. and Moser, M. and Moussa, A. and Muller, R. and Musumeci, M. and Nauta, L. and Navas, S. and Nicolau, C.A. and Nielsen, C. and Organokov, M. and Orlando, A. and Panagopoulos, V. and Papalashvili, G. and Papaleo, R. and Pǎvǎlaş, G.E. and Pellegrini, G. and Pellegrino, C. and Pérez Romero, J. and Perrin-Terrin, M. and Piattelli, P. and Pikounis, K. and Pisanti, O. and Poirè, C. and Polydefki, G. and Poma, G.E. and Popa, V. and Post, M. and Pradier, T. and Pühlhofer, G. and Pulvirenti, S. and Quinn, L. and Raffaelli, F. and Randazzo, N. and Razzaque, S. and Real, D. and Resvanis, L. and Reubelt, J. and Riccobene, G. and Richer, M. and Rovelli, A. and Salvadori, I. and Samtleben, D.F.E. and Sánchez Losa, A. and Sanguineti, M. and Santangelo, A. and Sapienza, P. and Schermer, B. and Sciacca, V. and Seneca, J. and Sgura, I. and Shanidze, R. and Sharma, A. and Simeone, F. and Sinopoulou, A. and Spisso, B. and Spurio, M. and Stavropoulos, D. and Steijger, J. and Stellacci, S.M. and Strandberg, B. and Stransky, D. and Stüven, T. and Taiuti, M. and Tatone, F. and Tayalati, Y. and Tenllado, E. and Thakore, T. and Timmer, P. and Trovato, A. and Tsagkli, S. and Tzamariudaki, E. and Tzanetatos, D. and Valieri, C. and Vallage, B. and Elewyck, V.V. and Versari, F. and Viola, S. and Vivolo, D. and Volkert, M. and De Waardt, L. and Wilms, J. and De Wolf, E. and Zaborov, D. and Zornoza, J.D. and Zuniga, J.",
    journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "13",
    number = "5",
    publisher = "INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING",
    issn = "1748-0221",
    doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05035",
    keywords = "Neutrons;  Photodetectors;  Photomultipliers;  Photons;  Telescopes, Astroparticle physics;  Cherenkov Detectors;  Dark count rate;  Neutrino detectors;  Neutrino telescopes;  Peak-to-valley ratios;  Photo multiplier tube;  Photon detector, Particle detectors",
    abstract = "The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector. © 2018 The Author(s)."
}