@article{3064918,
    title = "Applying electromagnetic field theory concepts to clustering with constraints",
    author = "Hakkoymaz, H. and Chatzimilioudis, G. and Gunopulos, D. and Mannila, H.",
    journal = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
    year = "2009",
    volume = "5781 LNAI",
    number = "PART 1",
    pages = "485-500",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-04180-8_49",
    keywords = "Connected graph;  Data clustering;  Data sets;  Distance measure;  Experimental evaluation;  Graph data;  K-means;  Shortest path;  User constraints;  Vector data, Clustering algorithms;  Electromagnetic field measurement;  Electromagnetism;  Robot learning, Electromagnetic field theory",
    abstract = "This work shows how concepts from the electromagnetic field theory can be efficiently used in clustering with constraints. The proposed framework transforms vector data into a fully connected graph, or just works straight on the given graph data. User constraints are represented by electromagnetic fields that affect the weight of the graph's edges. A clustering algorithm is then applied on the adjusted graph, using k-distinct shortest paths as the distance measure. Our framework provides better accuracy compared to MPCK-Means, SS-Kernel-KMeans and Kmeans+Diagonal Metric even when very few constraints are used, significantly improves clustering performance on some datasets that other methods fail to partition successfully, and can cluster both vector and graph datasets. All these advantages are demonstrated through thorough experimental evaluation. © 2009 Springer."
}