@article{3068453,
    title = "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the Solar System from Gaia astrometry",
    author = "Klioner, S.A. and Mignard, F. and Lindegren, L. and Bastian, U. and McMillan, P.J. and Hernández, J. and Hobbs, D. and Ramos-Lerate, M. and Biermann, M. and Bombrun, A. and De Torres, A. and Gerlach, E. and Geyer, R. and Hilger, T. and Lammers, U. and Steidelmüller, H. and Stephenson, C.A. and Brown, A.G.A. and Vallenari, A. and Prusti, T. and De Bruijne, J.H.J. and Babusiaux, C. and Creevey, O.L. and Evans, D.W. and Eyer, L. and Hutton, A. and Jansen, F. and Jordi, C. and Luri, X. and Panem, C. and Pourbaix, D. and Randich, S. and Sartoretti, P. and Soubiran, C. and Walton, N.A. and Arenou, F. and Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. and Cropper, M. and Drimmel, R. and Katz, D. and Lattanzi, M.G. and Van Leeuwen, F. and Bakker, J. and Castañeda, J. and De Angeli, F. and Ducourant, C. and Fabricius, C. and Fouesneau, M. and Frémat, Y. and Guerra, R. and Guerrier, A. and Guiraud, J. and Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. and Masana, E. and Messineo, R. and Mowlavi, N. and Nicolas, C. and Nienartowicz, K. and Pailler, F. and Panuzzo, P. and Riclet, F. and Roux, W. and Seabroke, G.M. and Sordo, R. and Tanga, P. and Thévenin, F. and Gracia-Abril, G. and Portell, J. and Teyssier, D. and Altmann, M. and Andrae, R. and Bellas-Velidis, I. and Benson, K. and Berthier, J. and Blomme, R. and Brugaletta, E. and Burgess, P.W. and Busso, G. and Carry, B. and Cellino, A. and Cheek, N. and Clementini, G. and Damerdji, Y. and Davidson, M. and Delchambre, L. and Dell'Oro, A. and Fernández-Hernández, J. and Galluccio, L. and García-Lario, P. and Garcia-Reinaldos, M. and González-Núñez, J. and Gosset, E. and Haigron, R. and Halbwachs, J.-L. and Hambly, N.C. and Harrison, D.L. and Hatzidimitriou, D. and Heiter, U. and Hestroffer, D. and Hodgkin, S.T. and Holl, B. and Janßen, K. and Jevardat De Fombelle, G. and Jordan, S. and Krone-Martins, A. and Lanzafame, A.C. and Löffler, W. and Lorca, A. and Manteiga, M. and Marchal, O. and Marrese, P.M. and Moitinho, A. and Mora, A. and Muinonen, K. and Osborne, P. and Pancino, E. and Pauwels, T. and Recio-Blanco, A. and Richards, P.J. and Riello, M. and Rimoldini, L. and Robin, A.C. and Roegiers, T. and Rybizki, J. and Sarro, L.M. and Siopis, C. and Smith, M. and Sozzetti, A. and Ulla, A. and Utrilla, E. and Van Leeuwen, M. and Van Reeven, W. and Abbas, U. and Abreu Aramburu, A. and Accart, S. and Aerts, C. and Aguado, J.J. and Ajaj, M. and Altavilla, G. and Álvarez, M.A. and Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. and Alves, J. and Anderson, R.I. and Anglada Varela, E. and Antoja, T. and Audard, M. and Baines, D. and Baker, S.G. and Balaguer-Núñez, L. and Balbinot, E. and Balog, Z. and Barache, C. and Barbato, D. and Barros, M. and Barstow, M.A. and Bartolomé, S. and Bassilana, J.-L. and Bauchet, N. and Baudesson-Stella, A. and Becciani, U. and Bellazzini, M. and Bernet, M. and Bertone, S. and Bianchi, L. and Blanco-Cuaresma, S. and Boch, T. and Bossini, D. and Bouquillon, S. and Bramante, L. and Breedt, E. and Bressan, A. and Brouillet, N. and Bucciarelli, B. and Burlacu, A. and Busonero, D. and Butkevich, A.G. and Buzzi, R. and Caffau, E. and Cancelliere, R. and Cánovas, H. and Cantat-Gaudin, T. and Carballo, R. and Carlucci, T. and Carnerero, M.I. and Carrasco, J.M. and Casamiquela, L. and Castellani, M. and Castro-Ginard, A. and Castro Sampol, P. and Chaoul, L. and Charlot, P. and Chemin, L. and Chiavassa, A. and Comoretto, G. and Cooper, W.J. and Cornez, T. and Cowell, S. and Crifo, F. and Crosta, M. and Crowley, C. and Dafonte, C. and Dapergolas, A. and David, M. and David, P. and De Laverny, P. and De Luise, F. and De March, R. and De Ridder, J. and De Souza, R. and De Teodoro, P. and Del Peloso, E.F. and Del Pozo, E. and Delgado, A. and Delgado, H.E. and Delisle, J.-B. and Di Matteo, P. and Diakite, S. and Diener, C. and Distefano, E. and Dolding, C. and Eappachen, D. and Enke, H. and Esquej, P. and Fabre, C. and Fabrizio, M. and Faigler, S. and Fedorets, G. and Fernique, P. and Fienga, A. and Figueras, F. and Fouron, C. and Fragkoudi, F. and Fraile, E. and Franke, F. and Gai, M. and Garabato, D. and Garcia-Gutierrez, A. and García-Torres, M. and Garofalo, A. and Gavras, P. and Giacobbe, P. and Gilmore, G. and Girona, S. and Giuffrida, G. and Gomez, A. and Gonzalez-Santamaria, I. and González-Vidal, J.J. and Granvik, M. and Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. and Guy, L.P. and Hauser, M. and Haywood, M. and Helmi, A. and Hidalgo, S.L. and Hładczuk, N. and Holland, G. and Huckle, H.E. and Jasniewicz, G. and Jonker, P.G. and Juaristi Campillo, J. and Julbe, F. and Karbevska, L. and Kervella, P. and Khanna, S. and Kochoska, A. and Kordopatis, G. and Korn, A.J. and Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. and Kruszyńska, K. and Lambert, S. and Lanza, A.F. and Lasne, Y. and Le Campion, J.-F. and Le Fustec, Y. and Lebreton, Y. and Lebzelter, T. and Leccia, S. and Leclerc, N. and Lecoeur-Taibi, I. and Liao, S. and Licata, E. and Lindstrøm, H.E.P. and Lister, T.A. and Livanou, E. and Lobel, A. and Madrero Pardo, P. and Managau, S. and Mann, R.G. and Marchant, J.M. and Marconi, M. and Marcos Santos, M.M.S. and Marinoni, S. and Marocco, F. and Marshall, D.J. and Martin Polo, L. and Martín-Fleitas, J.M. and Masip, A. and Massari, D. and Mastrobuono-Battisti, A. and Mazeh, T. and Messina, S. and Michalik, D. and Millar, N.R. and Mints, A. and Molina, D. and Molinaro, R. and Molnár, L. and Montegriffo, P. and Mor, R. and Morbidelli, R. and Morel, T. and Morris, D. and Mulone, A.F. and Munoz, D. and Muraveva, T. and Murphy, C.P. and Musella, I. and Noval, L. and Ordénovic, C. and Orrù, G. and Osinde, J. and Pagani, C. and Pagano, I. and Palaversa, L. and Palicio, P.A. and Panahi, A. and Pawlak, M. and Peñalosa Esteller, X. and Penttilä, A. and Piersimoni, A.M. and Pineau, F.-X. and Plachy, E. and Plum, G. and Poggio, E. and Poretti, E. and Poujoulet, E. and Prša, A. and Pulone, L. and Racero, E. and Ragaini, S. and Rainer, M. and Raiteri, C.M. and Rambaux, N. and Ramos, P. and Re Fiorentin, P. and Regibo, S. and Reylé, C. and Ripepi, V. and Riva, A. and Rixon, G. and Robichon, N. and Robin, C. and Roelens, M. and Rohrbasser, L. and Romero-Gómez, M. and Rowell, N. and Royer, F. and Rybicki, K.A. and Sadowski, G. and Sagristà Sellés, A. and Sahlmann, J. and Salgado, J. and Salguero, E. and Samaras, N. and Sanchez Gimenez, V. and Sanna, N. and Santoveña, R. and Sarasso, M. and Schultheis, M. and Sciacca, E. and Segol, M. and Segovia, J.C. and Ségransan, D. and Semeux, D. and Siddiqui, H.I. and Siebert, A. and Siltala, L. and Slezak, E. and Smart, R.L. and Solano, E. and Solitro, F. and Souami, D. and Souchay, J. and Spagna, A. and Spoto, F. and Steele, I.A. and Süveges, M. and Szabados, L. and Szegedi-Elek, E. and Taris, F. and Tauran, G. and Taylor, M.B. and Teixeira, R. and Thuillot, W. and Tonello, N. and Torra, F. and Torra, J. and Turon, C. and Unger, N. and Vaillant, M. and Van Dillen, E. and Vanel, O. and Vecchiato, A. and Viala, Y. and Vicente, D. and Voutsinas, S. and Weiler, M. and Wevers, T. and Wyrzykowski, L. and Yoldas, A. and Yvard, P. and Zhao, H. and Zorec, J. and Zucker, S. and Zurbach, C. and Zwitter, T.",
    journal = "Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "649",
    publisher = "EDP Sciences",
    issn = "0275-1062",
    doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202039734",
    keywords = "Solar system;  Systematic errors;  Uncertainty analysis, Best estimates;  Current models;  Extragalactic sources;  Five parameters;  Gravitational potential;  Quality indicators;  Scientific results;  Vector spherical harmonics, Acceleration",
    abstract = "Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions. Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar systembarycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution. Methods. Theeffect of the acceleration was obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in vector spherical harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources were tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution were used to get a better idea of the possible systematic errors in the estimate. Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is (2.32 ± 0.16) × 10-10 m s-2 (or 7.33 ±0.51 km s-1 Myr-1) towards α = 269.1° ± 5.4°, δ = -31.6° ± 4.1°, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of 5.05 ±0.35 μas yr-1. This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 μas yr-1. © ESO 2021."
}