@article{3068455,
    title = "Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars",
    author = "Smart, R.L. and Sarro, L.M. and Rybizki, J. and Reylé, C. and Robin, A.C. and Hambly, N.C. and Abbas, U. and Barstow, M.A. and De Bruijne, J.H.J. and Bucciarelli, B. and Carrasco, J.M. and Cooper, W.J. and Hodgkin, S.T. and Masana, E. and Michalik, D. and Sahlmann, J. and Sozzetti, A. and Brown, A.G.A. and Vallenari, A. and Prusti, T. and Babusiaux, C. and Biermann, M. and Creevey, O.L. and Evans, D.W. and Eyer, L. and Hutton, A. and Jansen, F. and Jordi, C. and Klioner, S.A. and Lammers, U. and Lindegren, L. and Luri, X. and Mignard, F. and Panem, C. and Pourbaix, D. and Randich, S. and Sartoretti, P. and Soubiran, C. and Walton, N.A. and Arenou, F. and Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. and Bastian, U. and Cropper, M. and Drimmel, R. and Katz, D. and Lattanzi, M.G. and Van Leeuwen, F. and Bakker, J. and Castañeda, J. and De Angeli, F. and Ducourant, C. and Fabricius, C. and Fouesneau, M. and Frémat, Y. and Guerra, R. and Guerrier, A. and Guiraud, J. and Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. and Messineo, R. and Mowlavi, N. and Nicolas, C. and Nienartowicz, K. and Pailler, F. and Panuzzo, P. and Riclet, F. and Roux, W. and Seabroke, G.M. and Sordo, R. and Tanga, P. and Thévenin, F. and Gracia-Abril, G. and Portell, J. and Teyssier, D. and Altmann, M. and Andrae, R. and Bellas-Velidis, I. and Benson, K. and Berthier, J. and Blomme, R. and Brugaletta, E. and Burgess, P.W. and Busso, G. and Carry, B. and Cellino, A. and Cheek, N. and Clementini, G. and Damerdji, Y. and Davidson, M. and Delchambre, L. and Dell'Oro, A. and Fernández-Hernández, J. and Galluccio, L. and García-Lario, P. and Garcia-Reinaldos, M. and González-Núñez, J. and Gosset, E. and Haigron, R. and Halbwachs, J.-L. and Harrison, D.L. and Hatzidimitriou, D. and Heiter, U. and Hernández, J. and Hestroffer, D. and Holl, B. and Janßen, K. and Jevardat De Fombelle, G. and Jordan, S. and Krone-Martins, A. and Lanzafame, A.C. and Löffler, W. and Lorca, A. and Manteiga, M. and Marchal, O. and Marrese, P.M. and Moitinho, A. and Mora, A. and Muinonen, K. and Osborne, P. and Pancino, E. and Pauwels, T. and Recio-Blanco, A. and Richards, P.J. and Riello, M. and Rimoldini, L. and Roegiers, T. and Siopis, C. and Smith, M. and Ulla, A. and Utrilla, E. and Van Leeuwen, M. and Van Reeven, W. and Abreu Aramburu, A. and Accart, S. and Aerts, C. and Aguado, J.J. and Ajaj, M. and Altavilla, G. and Álvarez, M.A. and Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. and Alves, J. and Anderson, R.I. and Anglada Varela, E. and Antoja, T. and Audard, M. and Baines, D. and Baker, S.G. and Balaguer-Núñez, L. and Balbinot, E. and Balog, Z. and Barache, C. and Barbato, D. and Barros, M. and Bartolomé, S. and Bassilana, J.-L. and Bauchet, N. and Baudesson-Stella, A. and Becciani, U. and Bellazzini, M. and Bernet, M. and Bertone, S. and Bianchi, L. and Blanco-Cuaresma, S. and Boch, T. and Bombrun, A. and Bossini, D. and Bouquillon, S. and Bragaglia, A. and Bramante, L. and Breedt, E. and Bressan, A. and Brouillet, N. and Burlacu, A. and Busonero, D. and Butkevich, A.G. and Buzzi, R. and Caffau, E. and Cancelliere, R. and Cánovas, H. and Cantat-Gaudin, T. and Carballo, R. and Carlucci, T. and Carnerero, M.I. and Casamiquela, L. and Castellani, M. and Castro-Ginard, A. and Castro Sampol, P. and Chaoul, L. and Charlot, P. and Chemin, L. and Chiavassa, A. and Cioni, M.-R.L. and Comoretto, G. and Cornez, T. and Cowell, S. and Crifo, F. and Crosta, M. and Crowley, C. and Dafonte, C. and Dapergolas, A. and David, M. and David, P. and De Laverny, P. and De Luise, F. and De March, R. and De Ridder, J. and De Souza, R. and De Teodoro, P. and De Torres, A. and Del Peloso, E.F. and Del Pozo, E. and Delgado, A. and Delgado, H.E. and Delisle, J.-B. and DI Matteo, P. and DIakite, S. and DIener, C. and DIstefano, E. and Dolding, C. and Eappachen, D. and Edvardsson, B. and Enke, H. and Esquej, P. and Fabre, C. and Fabrizio, M. and Faigler, S. and Fedorets, G. and Fernique, P. and Fienga, A. and Figueras, F. and Fouron, C. and Fragkoudi, F. and Fraile, E. and Franke, F. and Gai, M. and Garabato, D. and Garcia-Gutierrez, A. and García-Torres, M. and Garofalo, A. and Gavras, P. and Gerlach, E. and Geyer, R. and Giacobbe, P. and Gilmore, G. and Girona, S. and Giuffrida, G. and Gomel, R. and Gomez, A. and Gonzalez-Santamaria, I. and González-Vidal, J.J. and Granvik, M. and Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. and Guy, L.P. and Hauser, M. and Haywood, M. and Helmi, A. and Hidalgo, S.L. and Hilger, T. and Hładczuk, N. and Hobbs, D. and Holland, G. and Huckle, H.E. and Jasniewicz, G. and Jonker, P.G. and Juaristi Campillo, J. and Julbe, F. and Karbevska, L. and Kervella, P. and Khanna, S. and Kochoska, A. and Kontizas, M. and Kordopatis, G. and Korn, A.J. and Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. and Kruszyńska, K. and Lambert, S. and Lanza, A.F. and Lasne, Y. and Le Campion, J.-F. and Le Fustec, Y. and Lebreton, Y. and Lebzelter, T. and Leccia, S. and Leclerc, N. and Lecoeur-Taibi, I. and Liao, S. and Licata, E. and Lindstrøm, H.E.P. and Lister, T.A. and Livanou, E. and Lobel, A. and Madrero Pardo, P. and Managau, S. and Mann, R.G. and Marchant, J.M. and Marconi, M. and Marcos Santos, M.M.S. and Marinoni, S. and Marocco, F. and Marshall, D.J. and Martin Polo, L. and Martín-Fleitas, J.M. and Masip, A. and Massari, D. and Mastrobuono-Battisti, A. and Mazeh, T. and McMillan, P.J. and Messina, S. and Millar, N.R. and Mints, A. and Molina, D. and Molinaro, R. and Molnár, L. and Montegriffo, P. and Mor, R. and Morbidelli, R. and Morel, T. and Morris, D. and Mulone, A.F. and Munoz, D. and Muraveva, T. and Murphy, C.P. and Musella, I. and Noval, L. and Ordénovic, C. and Orrù, G. and Osinde, J. and Pagani, C. and Pagano, I. and Palaversa, L. and Palicio, P.A. and Panahi, A. and Pawlak, M. and Peñalosa Esteller, X. and Penttilä, A. and Piersimoni, A.M. and Pineau, F.-X. and Plachy, E. and Plum, G. and Poggio, E. and Poretti, E. and Poujoulet, E. and Prša, A. and Pulone, L. and Racero, E. and Ragaini, S. and Rainer, M. and Raiteri, C.M. and Rambaux, N. and Ramos, P. and Ramos-Lerate, M. and Re Fiorentin, P. and Regibo, S. and Ripepi, V. and Riva, A. and Rixon, G. and Robichon, N. and Robin, C. and Roelens, M. and Rohrbasser, L. and Romero-Gómez, M. and Rowell, N. and Royer, F. and Rybicki, K.A. and Sadowski, G. and Sagristà Sellés, A. and Salgado, J. and Salguero, E. and Samaras, N. and Sanchez Gimenez, V. and Sanna, N. and Santoveña, R. and Sarasso, M. and Schultheis, M. and Sciacca, E. and Segol, M. and Segovia, J.C. and Ségransan, D. and Semeux, D. and Shahaf, S. and Siddiqui, H.I. and Siebert, A. and Siltala, L. and Slezak, E. and Solano, E. and Solitro, F. and Souami, D. and Souchay, J. and Spagna, A. and Spoto, F. and Steele, I.A. and Steidelmüller, H. and Stephenson, C.A. and Süveges, M. and Szabados, L. and Szegedi-Elek, E. and Taris, F. and Tauran, G. and Taylor, M.B. and Teixeira, R. and Thuillot, W. and Tonello, N. and Torra, F. and Torra, J. and Turon, C. and Unger, N. and Vaillant, M. and Van DIllen, E. and Vanel, O. and Vecchiato, A. and Viala, Y. and Vicente, D. and Voutsinas, S. and Weiler, M. and Wevers, T. and Wyrzykowski, L. and Yoldas, A. and Yvard, P. and Zhao, H. and Zorec, J. and Zucker, S. and Zurbach, C. and Zwitter, T.",
    journal = "Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "649",
    publisher = "EDP Sciences",
    issn = "0275-1062",
    doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202039498",
    keywords = "Geometrical optics;  Learning systems;  Probability;  Signal to noise ratio, Bayesian procedures;  High signal-to-noise ratio;  Luminosity functions;  Main sequence stars;  Non-zero probability;  Posterior probability;  Probability functions;  Solar neighbourhood, White dwarfs",
    abstract = "Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue. Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun. Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy. © ESO 2021."
}