@article{3068457,
    title = "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds",
    author = "Luri, X. and Chemin, L. and Clementini, G. and Delgado, H.E. and McMillan, P.J. and Romero-Gómez, M. and Balbinot, E. and Castro-Ginard, A. and Mor, R. and Ripepi, V. and Sarro, L.M. and Cioni, M.-R.L. and Fabricius, C. and Garofalo, A. and Helmi, A. and Muraveva, T. and Brown, A.G.A. and Vallenari, A. and Prusti, T. and De Bruijne, J.H.J. and Babusiaux, C. and Biermann, M. and Creevey, O.L. and Evans, D.W. and Eyer, L. and Hutton, A. and Jansen, F. and Jordi, C. and Klioner, S.A. and Lammers, U. and Lindegren, L. and Mignard, F. and Panem, C. and Pourbaix, D. and Randich, S. and Sartoretti, P. and Soubiran, C. and Walton, N.A. and Arenou, F. and Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. and Bastian, U. and Cropper, M. and Drimmel, R. and Katz, D. and Lattanzi, M.G. and Van Leeuwen, F. and Bakker, J. and Castañeda, J. and De Angeli, F. and Ducourant, C. and Fouesneau, M. and Frémat, Y. and Guerra, R. and Guerrier, A. and Guiraud, J. and Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. and Masana, E. and Messineo, R. and Mowlavi, N. and Nicolas, C. and Nienartowicz, K. and Pailler, F. and Panuzzo, P. and Riclet, F. and Roux, W. and Seabroke, G.M. and Sordo, R. and Tanga, P. and Thévenin, F. and Gracia-Abril, G. and Portell, J. and Teyssier, D. and Altmann, M. and Andrae, R. and Bellas-Velidis, I. and Benson, K. and Berthier, J. and Blomme, R. and Brugaletta, E. and Burgess, P.W. and Busso, G. and Carry, B. and Cellino, A. and Cheek, N. and Damerdji, Y. and Davidson, M. and Delchambre, L. and Dell'Oro, A. and Fernández-Hernández, J. and Galluccio, L. and García-Lario, P. and Garcia-Reinaldos, M. and González-Núñez, J. and Gosset, E. and Haigron, R. and Halbwachs, J.-L. and Hambly, N.C. and Harrison, D.L. and Hatzidimitriou, D. and Heiter, U. and Hernández, J. and Hestroffer, D. and Hodgkin, S.T. and Holl, B. and Janßen, K. and Jevardat De Fombelle, G. and Jordan, S. and Krone-Martins, A. and Lanzafame, A.C. and Löffler, W. and Lorca, A. and Manteiga, M. and Marchal, O. and Marrese, P.M. and Moitinho, A. and Mora, A. and Muinonen, K. and Osborne, P. and Pancino, E. and Pauwels, T. and Recio-Blanco, A. and Richards, P.J. and Riello, M. and Rimoldini, L. and Robin, A.C. and Roegiers, T. and Rybizki, J. and Siopis, C. and Smith, M. and Sozzetti, A. and Ulla, A. and Utrilla, E. and Van Leeuwen, M. and Van Reeven, W. and Abbas, U. and Abreu Aramburu, A. and Accart, S. and Aerts, C. and Aguado, J.J. and Ajaj, M. and Altavilla, G. and Álvarez, M.A. and Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. and Alves, J. and Anderson, R.I. and Anglada Varela, E. and Antoja, T. and Audard, M. and Baines, D. and Baker, S.G. and Balaguer-Núñez, L. and Balog, Z. and Barache, C. and Barbato, D. and Barros, M. and Barstow, M.A. and Bartolomé, S. and Bassilana, J.-L. and Bauchet, N. and Baudesson-Stella, A. and Becciani, U. and Bellazzini, M. and Bernet, M. and Bertone, S. and Bianchi, L. and Blanco-Cuaresma, S. and Boch, T. and Bombrun, A. and Bossini, D. and Bouquillon, S. and Bragaglia, A. and Bramante, L. and Breedt, E. and Bressan, A. and Brouillet, N. and Bucciarelli, B. and Burlacu, A. and Busonero, D. and Butkevich, A.G. and Buzzi, R. and Caffau, E. and Cancelliere, R. and Cánovas, H. and Cantat-Gaudin, T. and Carballo, R. and Carlucci, T. and Carnerero, M.I. and Carrasco, J.M. and Casamiquela, L. and Castellani, M. and Castro Sampol, P. and Chaoul, L. and Charlot, P. and Chiavassa, A. and Comoretto, G. and Cooper, W.J. and Cornez, T. and Cowell, S. and Crifo, F. and Crosta, M. and Crowley, C. and Dafonte, C. and Dapergolas, A. and David, M. and David, P. and De Laverny, P. and De Luise, F. and De March, R. and De Ridder, J. and De Souza, R. and De Teodoro, P. and De Torres, A. and Del Peloso, E.F. and Del Pozo, E. and Delgado, A. and Delisle, J.-B. and Di Matteo, P. and Diakite, S. and Diener, C. and Distefano, E. and Dolding, C. and Eappachen, D. and Enke, H. and Esquej, P. and Fabre, C. and Fabrizio, M. and Faigler, S. and Fedorets, G. and Fernique, P. and Fienga, A. and Figueras, F. and Fouron, C. and Fragkoudi, F. and Fraile, E. and Franke, F. and Gai, M. and Garabato, D. and Garcia-Gutierrez, A. and García-Torres, M. and Gavras, P. and Gerlach, E. and Geyer, R. and Giacobbe, P. and Gilmore, G. and Girona, S. and Giuffrida, G. and Gomez, A. and Gonzalez-Santamaria, I. and González-Vidal, J.J. and Granvik, M. and Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. and Guy, L.P. and Hauser, M. and Haywood, M. and Hidalgo, S.L. and Hilger, T. and Hładczuk, N. and Hobbs, D. and Holland, G. and Huckle, H.E. and Jasniewicz, G. and Jonker, P.G. and Juaristi Campillo, J. and Julbe, F. and Karbevska, L. and Kervella, P. and Khanna, S. and Kochoska, A. and Kontizas, M. and Kordopatis, G. and Korn, A.J. and Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. and Kruszyńska, K. and Lambert, S. and Lanza, A.F. and Lasne, Y. and Le Campion, J.-F. and Le Fustec, Y. and Lebreton, Y. and Lebzelter, T. and Leccia, S. and Leclerc, N. and Lecoeur-Taibi, I. and Liao, S. and Licata, E. and Lindstrøm, H.E.P. and Lister, T.A. and Livanou, E. and Lobel, A. and Madrero Pardo, P. and Managau, S. and Mann, R.G. and Marchant, J.M. and Marconi, M. and Marcos Santos, M.M.S. and Marinoni, S. and Marocco, F. and Marshall, D.J. and Martin Polo, L. and Martín-Fleitas, J.M. and Masip, A. and Massari, D. and Mastrobuono-Battisti, A. and Mazeh, T. and Messina, S. and Michalik, D. and Millar, N.R. and Mints, A. and Molina, D. and Molinaro, R. and Molnár, L. and Montegriffo, P. and Morbidelli, R. and Morel, T. and Morris, D. and Mulone, A.F. and Munoz, D. and Murphy, C.P. and Musella, I. and Noval, L. and Ordénovic, C. and Orrù, G. and Osinde, J. and Pagani, C. and Pagano, I. and Palaversa, L. and Palicio, P.A. and Panahi, A. and Pawlak, M. and Peñalosa Esteller, X. and Penttilä, A. and Piersimoni, A.M. and Pineau, F.-X. and Plachy, E. and Plum, G. and Poggio, E. and Poretti, E. and Poujoulet, E. and Prša, A. and Pulone, L. and Racero, E. and Ragaini, S. and Rainer, M. and Raiteri, C.M. and Rambaux, N. and Ramos, P. and Ramos-Lerate, M. and Re Fiorentin, P. and Regibo, S. and Reylé, C. and Riva, A. and Rixon, G. and Robichon, N. and Robin, C. and Roelens, M. and Rohrbasser, L. and Rowell, N. and Royer, F. and Rybicki, K.A. and Sadowski, G. and Sagristà Sellés, A. and Sahlmann, J. and Salgado, J. and Salguero, E. and Samaras, N. and Gimenez, V.S. and Sanna, N. and Santoveña, R. and Sarasso, M. and Schultheis, M. and Sciacca, E. and Segol, M. and Segovia, J.C. and Ségransan, D. and Semeux, D. and Siddiqui, H.I. and Siebert, A. and Siltala, L. and Slezak, E. and Smart, R.L. and Solano, E. and Solitro, F. and Souami, D. and Souchay, J. and Spagna, A. and Spoto, F. and Steele, I.A. and Steidelmüller, H. and Stephenson, C.A. and Süveges, M. and Szabados, L. and Szegedi-Elek, E. and Taris, F. and Tauran, G. and Taylor, M.B. and Teixeira, R. and Thuillot, W. and Tonello, N. and Torra, F. and Torra, J. and Turon, C. and Unger, N. and Vaillant, M. and Van Dillen, E. and Vanel, O. and Vecchiato, A. and Viala, Y. and Vicente, D. and Voutsinas, S. and Weiler, M. and Wevers, T. and Wyrzykowski, L. and Yoldas, A. and Yvard, P. and Zhao, H. and Zorec, J. and Zucker, S. and Zurbach, C. and Zwitter, T.",
    journal = "Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "649",
    publisher = "EDP Sciences",
    issn = "0275-1062",
    doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202039588",
    keywords = "Data handling;  Galaxies;  Geometrical optics;  Kinematics;  Stars, Colour-magnitude diagrams;  Data processing and analysis;  Evolutionary phase;  Evolutionary phasis;  Large magellanic clouds;  Small magellanic clouds;  Structure and properties;  Tangential velocities, Population statistics",
    abstract = "Context. This work is part of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium papers published with the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). It is one of the demonstration papers aiming to highlight the improvements and quality of the newly published data by applying them to a scientific case. Aims. We use the Gaia EDR3 data to study the structure and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. The large distance to the Clouds is a challenge for the Gaia astrometry. The Clouds lie at the very limits of the usability of the Gaia data, which makes the Clouds an excellent case study for evaluating the quality and properties of the Gaia data. Methods. The basis of our work are two samples selected to provide a representation as clean as possible of the stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The selection used criteria based on position, parallax, and proper motions to remove foreground contamination from the Milky Way, and allowed the separation of the stars of both Clouds. From these two samples we defined a series of subsamples based on cuts in the colour-magnitude diagram; these subsamples were used to select stars in a common evolutionary phase and can also be used as approximate proxies of a selection by age. Results. We compared the Gaia Data Release 2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insightsinto features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones. © ESO 2021."
}