@article{3069019,
    title = "Gaia Data Release 2: Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram",
    author = "Eyer, L. and Rimoldini, L. and Audard, M. and Anderson, R.I. and Nienartowicz, K. and Glass, F. and Marchal, O. and Grenon, M. and Mowlavi, N. and Holl, B. and Clementini, G. and Aerts, C. and Mazeh, T. and Evans, D.W. and Szabados, L. and Brown, A.G.A. and Vallenari, A. and Prusti, T. and De Bruijne, J.H.J. and Babusiaux, C. and Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. and Biermann, M. and Jansen, F. and Jordi, C. and Klioner, S.A. and Lammers, U. and Lindegren, L. and Luri, X. and Mignard, F. and Panem, C. and Pourbaix, D. and Randich, S. and Sartoretti, P. and Siddiqui, H.I. and Soubiran, C. and Van Leeuwen, F. and Walton, N.A. and Arenou, F. and Bastian, U. and Cropper, M. and Drimmel, R. and Katz, D. and Lattanzi, M.G. and Bakker, J. and Cacciari, C. and Castañeda, J. and Chaoul, L. and Cheek, N. and De Angeli, F. and Fabricius, C. and Guerra, R. and Masana, E. and Messineo, R. and Panuzzo, P. and Portell, J. and Riello, M. and Seabroke, G.M. and Tanga, P. and Thévenin, F. and Gracia-Abril, G. and Comoretto, G. and Garcia-Reinaldos, M. and Teyssier, D. and Altmann, M. and Andrae, R. and Bellas-Velidis, I. and Benson, K. and Berthier, J. and Blomme, R. and Burgess, P. and Busso, G. and Carry, B. and Cellino, A. and Clotet, M. and Creevey, O. and Davidson, M. and De Ridder, J. and Delchambre, L. and Dell'Oro, A. and Ducourant, C. and Fernández-Hernández, J. and Fouesneau, M. and Frémat, Y. and Galluccio, L. and García-Torres, M. and González-Núñez, J. and González-Vidal, J.J. and Gosset, E. and Guy, L.P. and Halbwachs, J.-L. and Hambly, N.C. and Harrison, D.L. and Hernández, J. and Hestroffer, D. and Hodgkin, S.T. and Hutton, A. and Jasniewicz, G. and Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. and Jordan, S. and Korn, A.J. and Krone-Martins, A. and Lanzafame, A.C. and Lebzelter, T. and Löffler, W. and Manteiga, M. and Marrese, P.M. and Martín-Fleitas, J.M. and Moitinho, A. and Mora, A. and Muinonen, K. and Osinde, J. and Pancino, E. and Pauwels, T. and Petit, J.-M. and Recio-Blanco, A. and Richards, P.J. and Robin, A.C. and Sarro, L.M. and Siopis, C. and Smith, M. and Sozzetti, A. and Süveges, M. and Torra, J. and Van Reeven, W. and Abbas, U. and Abreu Aramburu, A. and Accart, S. and Altavilla, G. and Álvarez, M.A. and Alvarez, R. and Alves, J. and Andrei, A.H. and Anglada Varela, E. and Antiche, E. and Antoja, T. and Arcay, B. and Astraatmadja, T.L. and Bach, N. and Baker, S.G. and Balaguer-Núñez, L. and Balm, P. and Barache, C. and Barata, C. and Barbato, D. and Barblan, F. and Barklem, P.S. and Barrado, D. and Barros, M. and Barstow, M.A. and Bartholomé Muñoz, S. and Bassilana, J.-L. and Becciani, U. and Bellazzini, M. and Berihuete, A. and Bertone, S. and Bianchi, L. and Bienaymé, O. and Blanco-Cuaresma, S. and Boch, T. and Boeche, C. and Bombrun, A. and Borrachero, R. and Bossini, D. and Bouquillon, S. and Bourda, G. and Bragaglia, A. and Bramante, L. and Breddels, M.A. and Bressan, A. and Brouillet, N. and Brüsemeister, T. and Brugaletta, E. and Bucciarelli, B. and Burlacu, A. and Busonero, D. and Butkevich, A.G. and Buzzi, R. and Caffau, E. and Cancelliere, R. and Cannizzaro, G. and Cantat-Gaudin, T. and Carballo, R. and Carlucci, T. and Carrasco, J.M. and Casamiquela, L. and Castellani, M. and Castro-Ginard, A. and Charlot, P. and Chemin, L. and Chiavassa, A. and Cocozza, G. and Costigan, G. and Cowell, S. and Crifo, F. and Crosta, M. and Crowley, C. and Cuypers, J. and Dafonte, C. and Damerdji, Y. and Dapergolas, A. and David, P. and David, M. and De Laverny, P. and De Luise, F. and De March, R. and De Martino, D. and De Souza, R. and De Torres, A. and Debosscher, J. and Del Pozo, E. and Delbo, M. and Delgado, A. and Delgado, H.E. and Diakite, S. and Diener, C. and Distefano, E. and Dolding, C. and Drazinos, P. and Durán, J. and Edvardsson, B. and Enke, H. and Eriksson, K. and Esquej, P. and Eynard Bontemps, G. and Fabre, C. and Fabrizio, M. and Faigler, S. and Falcão, A.J. and Farràs Casas, M. and Federici, L. and Fedorets, G. and Fernique, P. and Figueras, F. and Filippi, F. and Findeisen, K. and Fonti, A. and Fraile, E. and Fraser, M. and Frézouls, B. and Gai, M. and Galleti, S. and Garabato, D. and García-Sedano, F. and Garofalo, A. and Garralda, N. and Gavel, A. and Gavras, P. and Gerssen, J. and Geyer, R. and Giacobbe, P. and Gilmore, G. and Girona, S. and Giuffrida, G. and Gomes, M. and Granvik, M. and Gueguen, A. and Guerrier, A. and Guiraud, J. and Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. and Haigron, R. and Hatzidimitriou, D. and Hauser, M. and Haywood, M. and Heiter, U. and Helmi, A. and Heu, J. and Hilger, T. and Hobbs, D. and Hofmann, W. and Holland, G. and Huckle, H.E. and Hypki, A. and Icardi, V. and Janßen, K. and Jevardat De Fombelle, G. and Jonker, P.G. and Juhász, A.L. and Julbe, F. and Karampelas, A. and Kewley, A. and Klar, J. and Kochoska, A. and Kohley, R. and Kolenberg, K. and Kontizas, M. and Kontizas, E. and Koposov, S.E. and Kordopatis, G. and Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. and Koubsky, P. and Lambert, S. and Lanza, A.F. and Lasne, Y. and Lavigne, J.-B. and Le Fustec, Y. and Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. and Lebreton, Y. and Leccia, S. and Leclerc, N. and Lecoeur-Taibi, I. and Lenhardt, H. and Leroux, F. and Liao, S. and Licata, E. and Lindstrøm, H.E.P. and Lister, T.A. and Livanou, E. and Lobel, A. and López, M. and Lorenz, D. and Managau, S. and Mann, R.G. and Mantelet, G. and Marchant, J.M. and Marconi, M. and Marinoni, S. and Marschalkó, G. and Marshall, D.J. and Martino, M. and Marton, G. and Mary, N. and Massari, D. and Matijevič, G. and McMillan, P.J. and Messina, S. and Michalik, D. and Millar, N.R. and Molina, D. and Molinaro, R. and Molnár, L. and Montegriffo, P. and Mor, R. and Morbidelli, R. and Morel, T. and Morgenthaler, S. and Morris, D. and Mulone, A.F. and Muraveva, T. and Musella, I. and Nelemans, G. and Nicastro, L. and Noval, L. and O'Mullane, W. and Ordénovic, C. and Ordóñez-Blanco, D. and Osborne, P. and Pagani, C. and Pagano, I. and Pailler, F. and Palacin, H. and Palaversa, L. and Panahi, A. and Pawlak, M. and Piersimoni, A.M. and Pineau, F.-X. and Plachy, E. and Plum, G. and Poggio, E. and Poujoulet, E. and Prša, A. and Pulone, L. and Racero, E. and Ragaini, S. and Rambaux, N. and Ramos-Lerate, M. and Regibo, S. and Reylé, C. and Riclet, F. and Ripepi, V. and Riva, A. and Rivard, A. and Rixon, G. and Roegiers, T. and Roelens, M. and Romero-Gómez, M. and Rowell, N. and Royer, F. and Ruiz-Dern, L. and Sadowski, G. and Sagristà Sellés, T. and Sahlmann, J. and Salgado, J. and Salguero, E. and Sanna, N. and Santana-Ros, T. and Sarasso, M. and Savietto, H. and Schultheis, M. and Sciacca, E. and Segol, M. and Segovia, J.C. and Ségransan, D. and Shih, I.-C. and Siltala, L. and Silva, A.F. and Smart, R.L. and Smith, K.W. and Solano, E. and Solitro, F. and Sordo, R. and Soria Nieto, S. and Souchay, J. and Spagna, A. and Spoto, F. and Stampa, U. and Steele, I.A. and Steidelmüller, H. and Stephenson, C.A. and Stoev, H. and Suess, F.F. and Surdej, J. and Szegedi-Elek, E. and Tapiador, D. and Taris, F. and Tauran, G. and Taylor, M.B. and Teixeira, R. and Terrett, D. and Teyssandier, P. and Thuillot, W. and Titarenko, A. and Torra Clotet, F. and Turon, C. and Ulla, A. and Utrilla, E. and Uzzi, S. and Vaillant, M. and Valentini, G. and Valette, V. and Van Elteren, A. and Van Hemelryck, E. and Van Leeuwen, M. and Vaschetto, M. and Vecchiato, A. and Veljanoski, J. and Viala, Y. and Vicente, D. and Vogt, S. and Von Essen, C. and Voss, H. and Votruba, V. and Voutsinas, S. and Walmsley, G. and Weiler, M. and Wertz, O. and Wevers, T. and Wyrzykowski, A. and Yoldas, A. and Žerjal, M. and Ziaeepour, H. and Zorec, J. and Zschocke, S. and Zucker, S. and Zurbach, C. and Zwitter, T.",
    journal = "Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "623",
    publisher = "EDP Sciences",
    issn = "0275-1062",
    doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201833304",
    keywords = "Astrophysics;  Color;  Galaxies;  Geometrical optics;  Photometry;  Surveying;  Surveys;  Time domain analysis;  Time series, Binaries:eclipsing;  Methods:data analysis;  Stars: general;  Stars: oscillation;  Stars: variables: general, Stars",
    abstract = "Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ≲ 21 mag. Aims. We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. Methods. We describe the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and show how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce "motions". To do this, we use 22 months of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with a significant parallax. To ensure that a large variety of variable star classes populate the CaMD, we crossmatched Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. Results. Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations in the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale as was previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Although the observed colours are not corrected for reddening, distinct regions are visible in which variable stars occur. We determine variable star fractions to within the current detection thresholds of Gaia. Finally, we report the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. Conclusions. Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way that has previously only been accessible for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies. Future Gaia data releases will enable significant improvements over this preview by providing longer time series, more accurate astrometry, and additional data types (time series BP and RP spectra, RVS spectra, and radial velocities), all for much larger samples of stars. © 2019 ESO."
}