@article{3072284,
    title = "Towards the definition of Institutional diagnostic reference levels in paediatric interventional cardiology procedures in Greece",
    author = "Kottou, S. and Kollaros, N. and Plemmenos, C. and Mastorakou, I. and Apostolopoulou, S.C. and Tsapaki, V.",
    journal = "PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "46",
    pages = "52-58",
    publisher = "Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica",
    doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.009",
    keywords = "adolescent;  age;  Article;  child;  controlled study;  female;  fluoroscopy;  Greece;  human;  infant;  interventional cardiovascular procedure;  major clinical study;  male;  pediatrics;  radiation dose;  reference value;  retrospective study;  cardiology;  standard;  standards, Adolescent;  Cardiology;  Child;  Female;  Fluoroscopy;  Greece;  Humans;  Male;  Reference Standards",
    abstract = "This study aimed to evaluate paediatric radiation doses in a dedicated cardiology hospital, with the objective of characterising patterns in dose variation. The ultimate purpose was to define Local (Institutional) Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) for different types of paediatric cardiac interventional procedures (IC), according to patient age. From a total of 710 cases performed during three consecutive years, by operators with more than 15 years of experience, the age was noted in only 477 IC procedures. The median values obtained for Fluoroscopy Time (FT), Number of Frames (N) and Kerma Area Product (PKA) by age range were 5.8 min, 1322 and 2.0 Gy.cm2 for <1 y; 6.5 min, 1403 and 3.0 Gy.cm2 for 1 to <5 y; 5.9 min, 950 and 7.0 Gy.cm2 for 5 to <10 y; 5.7 min, 940 and 14.0 Gy.cm2 for 10 to <16 y, respectively. A large range of patient dose data is observed, depending greatly on procedure type and patient age. In all age groups the range of median FT, N and PKA values was 3.1–15.8 min, 579–1779 and 1.0–20.8 Gy.cm2 respectively. Consequently, the definition of LDRLs presents challenges mainly due to the multiple clinical and technical factors affecting the outcome. On the other hand the lack of paediatric IC DRLs makes the identification of good practices more difficult. A consensus is needed on IC procedures nomenclature and grouping in order to allow a common assessment and comparison of doses. © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica"
}