@article{3076735,
    title = "Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Greece. Results of the First National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO) study",
    author = "Makrilakis, K. and Kalpourtzi, N. and Ioannidis, I. and Iraklianou, S. and Raptis, A. and Sotiropoulos, A. and Gavana, M. and Vantarakis, A. and Kantzanou, M. and Hadjichristodoulou, C. and Chlouverakis, G. and Trypsianis, G. and Voulgari, P.V. and Alamanos, Y. and Touloumi, G. and Liatis, S.",
    journal = "Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "172",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    issn = "0168-8227",
    doi = "10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108646",
    keywords = "dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor;  glucose;  hemoglobin A1c;  insulin;  metformin;  sulfonylurea, adult;  age distribution;  aged;  Article;  body weight;  controlled study;  diabetes mellitus;  female;  geriatrics;  glucose blood level;  Greece;  Greek (people);  groups by age;  health service;  human;  impaired glucose tolerance;  major clinical study;  male;  prevalence;  risk factor;  sex ratio;  wellbeing;  adolescent;  cross-sectional study;  diabetes mellitus;  impaired glucose tolerance;  middle aged;  morbidity;  mortality;  prevalence;  questionnaire;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Female;  Greece;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Morbidity;  Prediabetic State;  Prevalence;  Risk Factors;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Aims: To report the results of the first national Health Examination Survey (HES) on the prevalence of diabetes, its pharmacologic treatment and level of control, as well as pre-diabetes in Greece. Methods: Data were derived from the National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO), in a randomly selected, representative sample of the adult Greek population. Sampling weights were applied to adjust for study design and post-stratification weights to match sample age/sex distribution to the population. Non-response was adjusted by inverse probability weighting. Weighted prevalence estimates are provided. Results: A total of 4393 persons with HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose measurements were included. Total diabetes prevalence was 11.9% (95% CI: 10.9–12.9), known diabetes 10.4% (9.5–11.4), and unknown 1.5% (1.1–1.9), with considerable increase in older age groups and no difference between genders. Pre-diabetes prevalence was 12.4% (11.4–13.6). The majority of persons with known diabetes were receiving metformin. Of those with known diabetes (and measured HbA1c), 70.9% were well controlled (HbA1c <7.0%). Conclusions: This first representative national HES showed high prevalence of diabetes in Greece, with low prevalence of unknown diabetes. Pre-diabetes prevalence is also substantial. These results will hopefully enable national authorities develop tailored and efficient strategies for disease prevention and management. © 2020"
}