@article{3077814,
    title = "Predicted basal metabolic rate and cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition",
    author = "Kliemann, N. and Murphy, N. and Viallon, V. and Freisling, H. and Tsilidis, K.K. and Rinaldi, S. and Mancini, F.R. and Fagherazzi, G. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Boeing, H. and Schulze, M.B. and Masala, G. and Krogh, V. and Sacerdote, C. and de Magistris, M.S. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, B. and Weiderpass, E. and Kühn, T. and Kaaks, R. and Jakszyn, P. and Redondo-Sánchez, D. and Amiano, P. and Chirlaque, M.-D. and Gurrea, A.B. and Ericson, U. and Drake, I. and Nøst, T.H. and Aune, D. and May, A.M. and Tjønneland, A. and Dahm, C.C. and Overvad, K. and Tumino, R. and Quirós, J.R. and Trichopoulou, A. and Karakatsani, A. and La Vecchia, C. and Nilsson, L.M. and Riboli, E. and Huybrechts, I. and Gunter, M.J.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "147",
    number = "3",
    pages = "648-661",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.32753",
    keywords = "adult;  Article;  basal metabolic rate;  body mass;  breast cancer;  cancer risk;  colon cancer;  endometrium cancer;  esophageal adenocarcinoma;  female;  human;  male;  obesity;  pancreas cancer;  postmenopause;  priority journal;  thyroid cancer;  aged;  basal metabolic rate;  classification;  clinical trial;  complication;  Europe;  incidence;  metabolism;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  neoplasm;  nutritional assessment;  prospective study;  sexual characteristics, Adult;  Aged;  Basal Metabolism;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasms;  Nutrition Assessment;  Obesity;  Prospective Studies;  Sex Characteristics",
    abstract = "Emerging evidence suggests that a metabolic profile associated with obesity may be a more relevant risk factor for some cancers than adiposity per se. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is an indicator of overall body metabolism and may be a proxy for the impact of a specific metabolic profile on cancer risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of predicted BMR with incidence of 13 obesity-related cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). BMR at baseline was calculated using the WHO/FAO/UNU equations and the relationships between BMR and cancer risk were investigated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 141,295 men and 317,613 women, with a mean follow-up of 14 years were included in the analysis. Overall, higher BMR was associated with a greater risk for most cancers that have been linked with obesity. However, among normal weight participants, higher BMR was associated with elevated risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio per 1-standard deviation change in BMR [HR1-SD]: 2.46; 95% CI 1.20; 5.03) and distal colon cancer (HR1-SD: 1.33; 95% CI 1.001; 1.77) among men and with proximal colon (HR1-SD: 1.16; 95% CI 1.01; 1.35), pancreatic (HR1-SD: 1.37; 95% CI 1.13; 1.66), thyroid (HR1-SD: 1.65; 95% CI 1.33; 2.05), postmenopausal breast (HR1-SD: 1.17; 95% CI 1.11; 1.22) and endometrial (HR1-SD: 1.20; 95% CI 1.03; 1.40) cancers in women. These results indicate that higher BMR may be an indicator of a metabolic phenotype associated with risk of certain cancer types, and may be a useful predictor of cancer risk independent of body fatness. © 2019 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO); licensed by UICC"
}