@article{3077902,
    title = "Evaluation of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score as a screening tool for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and dysglycaemia among early middle-aged adults in a large-scale European cohort. The Feel4Diabetes-study",
    author = "Mavrogianni, C. and Lambrinou, C.-P. and Androutsos, O. and Lindström, J. and Kivelä, J. and Cardon, G. and Huys, N. and Tsochev, K. and Iotova, V. and Chakarova, N. and Rurik, I. and Moreno, L.A. and Liatis, S. and Makrilakis, K. and Manios, Y.",
    journal = "Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "150",
    pages = "99-110",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    issn = "0168-8227",
    doi = "10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.017",
    keywords = "adult;  Article;  Belgium;  Bulgaria;  cardiometabolic risk;  cohort analysis;  controlled study;  diagnostic accuracy;  diagnostic test accuracy study;  dysglycemia;  European;  female;  Finland;  Finnish Diabetes Risk Score;  Greece;  high income country;  human;  Hungary;  low income country;  male;  middle income country;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  receiver operating characteristic;  scoring system;  screening;  self report;  sensitivity and specificity;  social status;  Spain;  vulnerable population",
    abstract = "Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the FINDRISC for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycaemia (i.e. the presence of prediabetes or T2DM) among early middle-aged adults from vulnerable groups in a large-scale European cohort. Methods: Participants were recruited from low-socioeconomic areas in high-income countries (HICs) (Belgium-Finland) and in HICs under austerity measures (Greece-Spain) and from the overall population in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) (Bulgaria-Hungary). Study population comprised of 2116 parents of primary-school children from families identified at increased risk of T2DM, based on parental self-reported FINDRISC. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC) and the optimal cut-offs of FINDRISC that indicate an increased probability for undiagnosed T2DM or dysglycaemia were calculated. Results: The AUC-ROC for undiagnosed T2DM was 0.824 with optimal cut-off ≥14 (Se = 68%, Sp = 81.7%) for the total sample, 0.839 with optimal cut-off ≥15 (Se = 83.3%, Sp = 86.9%) for HICs, 0.794 with optimal cut-off ≥12 (Se = 83.3%, Sp = 61.1%) for HICs under austerity measures and 0.882 with optimal cut-off ≥14 (Se = 71.4%, Sp = 87.8%) for LMICs. The AUC-ROC for dysglycaemia was 0.663 with optimal cut-off ≥12 (Se = 58.3%, Sp = 65.7%) for the total sample, 0.656 with optimal cut-off ≥12 (Se = 54.5%, Sp = 64.8%) for HICs, 0.631 with optimal cut-off ≥12 (Se = 59.7%, Sp = 62.0%) for HICs under austerity measures and 0.735 with optimal cut-off ≥11 (Se = 72.7%, Sp = 70.2%) for LMICs. Conclusion: FINDRISC can be applied for screening primarily undiagnosed T2DM but also dysglycaemia among vulnerable groups across Europe, considering the use of different cut-offs for each subpopulation. © 2019 Elsevier B.V."
}