@article{3077912,
    title = "Fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer risk: A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling Project",
    author = "Ferro, A. and Costa, A.R. and Morais, S. and Bertuccio, P. and Rota, M. and Pelucchi, C. and Hu, J. and Johnson, K.C. and Zhang, Z.-F. and Palli, D. and Ferraroni, M. and Yu, G.-P. and Bonzi, R. and Peleteiro, B. and López-Carrillo, L. and Tsugane, S. and Hamada, G.S. and Hidaka, A. and Malekzadeh, R. and Zaridze, D. and Maximovich, D. and Vioque, J. and Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M. and Alguacil, J. and Castaño-Vinyals, G. and Wolk, A. and Håkansson, N. and Hernández-Ramírez, R.U. and Pakseresht, M. and Ward, M.H. and Pourfarzi, F. and Mu, L. and López-Cervantes, M. and Persiani, R. and Kurtz, R.C. and Lagiou, A. and Lagiou, P. and Boffetta, P. and Boccia, S. and Negri, E. and Camargo, M.C. and Curado, M.P. and La Vecchia, C. and Lunet, N.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "147",
    number = "11",
    pages = "3090-3101",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.33134",
    keywords = "adult;  age;  aged;  Article;  cancer risk;  citrus fruit;  female;  fruit consumption;  human;  lifestyle;  major clinical study;  male;  middle aged;  priority journal;  sex factor;  stomach cancer;  vegetable consumption;  case control study;  clinical trial;  diet;  food preference;  fruit;  multicenter study;  odds ratio;  questionnaire;  stomach tumor;  vegetable, Adult;  Aged;  Case-Control Studies;  Diet;  Female;  Food Preferences;  Fruit;  Humans;  Life Style;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Odds Ratio;  Stomach Neoplasms;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Vegetables",
    abstract = "A low intake of fruits and vegetables is a risk factor for gastric cancer, although there is uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the associations. In our study, the relationship between fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer was assessed, complementing a previous work on the association betweenconsumption of citrus fruits and gastric cancer. Data from 25 studies (8456 cases and 21 133 controls) with information on fruits and/or vegetables intake were used. A two-stage approach based on random-effects models was used to pool study-specific adjusted (sex, age and the main known risk factors for gastric cancer) odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Exposure-response relations, including linear and nonlinear associations, were modeled using one- and two-order fractional polynomials. Gastric cancer risk was lower for a higher intake of fruits (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.90), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.02), vegetables (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.84), and fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49-0.75); results were consistent across sociodemographic and lifestyles categories, as well as study characteristics. Exposure-response analyses showed an increasingly protective effect of portions/day of fruits (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57-0.73 for six portions), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61-0.83 for six portions) and vegetables (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43-0.60 for 10 portions). A protective effect of all fruits, noncitrus fruits and vegetables was confirmed, supporting further dietary recommendations to decrease the burden of gastric cancer. © 2020 UICC"
}