@article{3078037,
    title = "Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study",
    author = "Jakszyn, P. and Cayssials, V. and Buckland, G. and Perez-Cornago, A. and Weiderpass, E. and Boeing, H. and Bergmann, M.M. and Vulcan, A. and Ohlsson, B. and Masala, G. and Cross, A.J. and Riboli, E. and Ricceri, F. and Dahm, C.C. and Nyvang, D. and Katzke, V.A. and Kühn, T. and Kyrø, C. and Tjønneland, A. and Ward, H.A. and Tsilidis, K.K. and Skeie, G. and Sieri, S. and Sanchez, M.-J. and Huerta, J.M. and Amiano, P. and Lasheras, C. and Ardanaz, E. and Mahamat-Saleh, Y. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Carbonnel, F. and Panico, S. and Peppa, E. and Trichopoulou, A. and Karakatsani, A. and Tumino, R. and Vermeulen, R. and Jenab, M. and Gunter, M. and Agudo, A.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "147",
    number = "4",
    pages = "1027-1039",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.32870",
    keywords = "abdominal obesity;  adult;  aged;  Article;  cancer risk;  cohort analysis;  colon cancer;  colorectal cancer;  diet;  disease assessment;  female;  follow up;  human;  inflammation;  Inflammatory Profile Score;  Inflammatory Score of the Diet;  lifestyle;  major clinical study;  male;  multicenter study;  nutritional assessment;  physical activity;  priority journal;  rectum cancer;  sex difference;  colorectal tumor;  Europe;  exercise;  feeding behavior;  inflammation;  middle aged;  multivariate analysis;  nutritional assessment;  obesity;  pathophysiology;  physiology;  prospective study;  regression analysis;  risk factor, Adult;  Cohort Studies;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Diet;  Europe;  Exercise;  Feeding Behavior;  Female;  Humans;  Inflammation;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Multivariate Analysis;  Nutrition Assessment;  Obesity;  Prospective Studies;  Regression Analysis;  Risk Factors",
    abstract = "Proinflammatory diets are associated with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), however, inconsistencies exist in subsite- and sex-specific associations. The relationship between CRC and combined lifestyle-related factors that contribute toward a low-grade inflammatory profile has not yet been explored. We examined the association between the dietary inflammatory potential and an inflammatory profile and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. This cohort included 476,160 participants followed-up of 14 years and 5,991 incident CRC cases (3,897 colon and 2,094 rectal tumors). Dietary inflammatory potential was estimated using an Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD). An Inflammatory Profile Score (IPS) was constructed, incorporating the ISD, physical activity level and abdominal obesity. The associations between the ISD and CRC and IPS and CRC were assessed using multivariable regression models. More proinflammatory diets were related to a higher CRC risk, particularly for colon cancer; hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest ISD quartile was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.27) for CRC, 1.24 (95% CI 1.09–1.41) for colon cancer and 0.99 (95% CI 0.83–1.17) for rectal cancer. Associations were more pronounced in men and not significant in women. The IPS was associated with CRC risk, particularly colon cancer among men; HRs for the highest versus lowest IPS was 1.62 (95% CI 1.31–2.01) for colon cancer overall and 2.11 (95% CI 1.50–2.97) for colon cancer in men. Our study shows that more proinflammatory diets and a more inflammatory profile are associated with higher risk of CRC, principally colon cancer and in men. © 2020 UICC"
}