@article{3078089,
    title = "gamma-H2AX: A potential biomarker in breast cancer",
    author = "Varvara, P.V. and Karaolanis, G. and Valavanis, C. and Stanc, G. and Tzaida, O. and Trihia, H. and Patapis, P. and Dimitroulis, D. and Perrea, D.",
    journal = "Tumor Biology",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "41",
    number = "9",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
    issn = "1010-4283, 1423-0380",
    doi = "10.1177/1010428319878536",
    keywords = "estrogen receptor;  gamma histone H2AX;  histone H2AX;  progesterone receptor;  serine;  tumor marker;  unclassified drug;  estrogen receptor;  H2AX protein, human;  histone;  progesterone receptor;  tumor marker, adult;  Article;  breast cancer;  cancer grading;  cancer prognosis;  cancer staging;  clinical feature;  cohort analysis;  disease association;  female;  histopathology;  human;  human tissue;  immunohistochemistry;  lumpectomy;  lymph node;  major clinical study;  male;  mastectomy;  middle aged;  partial mastectomy;  priority journal;  prospective study;  protein expression;  tumor volume;  aged;  biosynthesis;  breast tumor;  metabolism;  phosphorylation;  statistical model, Aged;  Biomarkers, Tumor;  Breast Neoplasms;  Breast Neoplasms, Male;  Female;  Histones;  Humans;  Immunohistochemistry;  Linear Models;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasm Grading;  Phosphorylation;  Receptors, Estrogen;  Receptors, Progesterone",
    abstract = "Histone H2AX undergoes phosphorylation as an answer to DNA double-strand breaks, which in turn are part of the oncogenic procedure. The detection of gamma-H2AX can potentially serve as a biomarker for transformation of normal tissue to premalignant and consequently to malignant tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of gamma-H2AX expression in breast cancer. Gamma-H2AX expression in tissues from 110 breast cancer patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological variables. Greater tumor size, higher grade, and the number of affected lymph nodes are significantly associated with greater values of gamma-H2AX. In addition, gamma-H2AX differs significantly among patients’ International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage. Higher values of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor are significantly associated with lower gamma-H2AX values. In conclusion, a positive association between gamma-H2AX expression and infaust histopathological parameters was observed. © The Author(s) 2019."
}