@article{3078123,
    title = "IGF-IEC expression is associated with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer",
    author = "Karagiannis, A.K. and Philippou, A. and Tseleni-Balafouta, S. and Zevolis, E. and Nakouti, T. and Tsopanomichalou-Gklotsou, M. and Psarras, V. and Koutsilieris, M.",
    journal = "ANTICANCER RESEARCH",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "39",
    number = "6",
    pages = "2811-2819",
    publisher = "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
    issn = "0250-1291",
    doi = "10.21873/anticanres.13409",
    keywords = "insulin like growth factor iEc;  somatomedin C;  unclassified drug;  IGF1 protein, human;  somatomedin C, adolescent;  adult;  advanced cancer;  aged;  Article;  cancer staging;  controlled study;  differentiated thyroid cancer;  human;  human tissue;  hurtle cell carcinoma;  immunohistochemistry;  lymphoma;  major clinical study;  mRNA expression level;  nodular hyperplasia;  priority journal;  real time polymerase chain reaction;  retrospective study;  thyroid follicular carcinoma;  thyroid hyperplasia;  thyroid papillary carcinoma;  tumor biopsy;  tumor volume;  alternative RNA splicing;  cytoplasm;  female;  gene expression regulation;  genetics;  male;  metabolism;  middle aged;  pathology;  thyroid tumor;  upregulation;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Alternative Splicing;  Cytoplasm;  Female;  Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic;  Humans;  Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Neoplasm Staging;  Retrospective Studies;  Thyroid Cancer, Papillary;  Thyroid Neoplasms;  Tumor Burden;  Up-Regulation;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Background/Aim: Recent knowledge implicates a differential expression of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA splice variants (i.e., IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc) in cancerous tissues, implying possible specific roles of the encoded IGF-I protein isoforms in cancer biology. In particular, there is growing evidence that the IGF-IEc isoform may play a distinct biological role in various types of cancers. The present study investigated whether IGF-IEc expression is associated with a particular type of thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of different types of thyroid cancers from 92 patients were assessed for IGF-IEc expression by immunohistochemistry. In addition, thyroid cancer biopsies of different TNM staging histological types were evaluated for mRNA expression of the IGF-IEc transcript by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: From the total number of 92 samples, 2 were anaplastic, 10 medullary, 4 hyperplasias of C-cells, 11 follicular, 5 hurtle cell carcinomas, 2 poorly differentiated, 5 nodular hyperplasias, 1 lymphoma and 52 were papillary thyroid cancers. The age of cancer diagnosis or tumor size did not significantly affect the IGF-IEc expression. Among all types of cancers, IGF-IEc was expressed in papillary differentiated thyroid cancer. Its expression/localization was mainly cytoplasmic and significantly associated with TNM staging and the presence of muscular and capsule cancerous invasion (p<0.05). Similarly, a differential profile was revealed regarding the mRNA expression of the IGF-IEc transcript, that exhibited a higher expression in aggressive compared to the non-aggressive papillary cancers. Conclusion: IGF-IEc isoform expression in thyroid cancer is positively associated with more advanced stages of papillary thyroid cancer. © 2019 International Institute of Anticancer Research. All rights reserved."
}