@article{3078198,
    title = "Intrauterine CRH-treated PBMC in repeated implantation failure",
    author = "Makrigiannakis, A. and Vrekoussis, T. and Makrygiannakis, F. and Ruso, H. and Kalantaridou, S.N. and Gurgan, T.",
    journal = "European Journal of Clinical Investigation",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "49",
    number = "5",
    publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
    issn = "0014-2972, 1365-2362",
    doi = "10.1111/eci.13084",
    keywords = "corticotropin releasing factor;  corticotropin releasing factor;  hormone, adult;  Article;  blastocyst;  clinical article;  crossover procedure;  embryo;  embryo transfer;  female;  human;  human cell;  in vitro fertilization;  monocyte;  oocyte retrieval;  ovary;  peripheral blood mononuclear cell;  pilot study;  pregnancy disorder;  pregnancy rate;  priority journal;  repeated implantation failure;  uterus cavity;  adolescent;  female infertility;  mononuclear cell;  nidation;  physiology;  procedures;  uterus;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone;  Cross-Over Studies;  Embryo Implantation;  Embryo Transfer;  Female;  Fertilization in Vitro;  Hormones;  Humans;  Infertility, Female;  Leukocytes, Mononuclear;  Pilot Projects;  Uterus;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Background: The intrauterine administration of activated autologous peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) prior to embryo transfer seems to improve reproductive outcomes in women with repeated implantation failure (RIF). We have previously shown that the intrauterine administration of PBMC treated with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) prior to blastocyst transfer (day 5) improves significantly the clinical pregnancy rate of women with RIF. In the present crossover pilot study, we have investigated whether CRH-PBMC treatment could be of benefit in case of fresh early cleavage stage embryo transfer (day 3) in women with RIF. Methods: Twenty-six (n = 26) women with at least three previous failed IVF attempts and no history of clinical pregnancy in the past were recruited in this study. Ovarian stimulation was performed following either the long or the short protocol. PBMC were collected during the oocyte retrieval, were treated with CRH, and transferred in the uterine cavity 2 days later. Good quality cleavage stage embryos were transferred at day 3, following oocyte retrieval. Results: Following the intrauterine administration of CRH-treated autologous PBMC, 15/26 clinical pregnancies occurred (57.69%). Compared to the null result of the same women prior to recruitment, this observation was considered significant (P < 10 −2 ). Conclusion: Our findings further support the role of the intrauterine administration of CRH-treated PBMC as an effective approach when transferring cleavage stage embryos in women with RIF. Prospective randomized studies are needed to clarify whether such intervention could be of benefit in clinical practice. © 2019 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation"
}