@article{3078367,
    title = "Tumor-infiltrating and circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with disease activity and adverse clinical outcomes in mycosis fungoides",
    author = "Argyropoulos, K.V. and Pulitzer, M. and Perez, S. and Korkolopoulou, P. and Angelopoulou, M. and Baxevanis, C. and Palomba, M.L. and Siakantaris, M.",
    journal = "Clinical and Translational Oncology",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "22",
    number = "7",
    pages = "1059-1066",
    publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
    issn = "1699-048X, 1699-3055",
    doi = "10.1007/s12094-019-02231-7",
    keywords = "arginase 1;  biological marker;  CD11b antigen;  CD14 antigen;  CD15 antigen;  protein bcl 6;  transcription factor FOXP3;  transcription factor GATA 3;  CD11b antigen;  CD15 antigen;  HLA DR antigen;  lipopolysaccharide receptor, adverse outcome;  Article;  cell infiltration;  cryopreservation;  disease activity;  flow cytometry;  histology;  human;  human tissue;  immunohistochemistry;  mycosis fungoides;  myeloid-derived suppressor cell;  outcome assessment;  overall survival;  punch biopsy;  skin biopsy;  suppressor cell;  survival analysis;  T lymphocyte;  T lymphocyte activation;  tissue section;  cancer staging;  cell count;  female;  granulocyte;  male;  metabolism;  monocyte;  mycosis fungoides;  myeloid-derived suppressor cell;  pathology;  prognosis;  skin tumor;  survival rate, CD11b Antigen;  Cell Count;  Female;  Flow Cytometry;  Granulocytes;  HLA-DR Antigens;  Humans;  Immunohistochemistry;  Lewis X Antigen;  Lipopolysaccharide Receptors;  Male;  Monocytes;  Mycosis Fungoides;  Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells;  Neoplasm Staging;  Prognosis;  Skin Neoplasms;  Survival Rate",
    abstract = "Purpose: Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare and histologically diverse lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with mycosis fungoides (MF) representing the most common disease subset. Given the emerging role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as a clinically applicable biomarker in solid tumors, we sought to investigate the presence of tumor-infiltrating and circulating MDSC in early- and advanced-stage MF patients and evaluate their prognostic significance in patient overall survival. Methods: Tumor-infiltrating MDSC were assessed immunohistochemically with Arginase-1 in 31 MF and 14 non-MF skin punch biopsies. Circulating MDSC were assessed with flow cytometry in freshly isolated PBMC from 29 MF patients. Granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC) were defined as CD11b+CD14−CD15+ and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) were defined as CD11b+CD14+HLA-DRlow/-. Results: MDSC infiltration occurred in approximately one-third (35.5%) of CTCL lesions, with a predilection for non-MF lesions (p < 0.05). The predominant morphology of MDSC was granulocytic. Although in MF lesions the presence of MDSC infiltrates did not correlate with clinical stage, it conferred significantly worse overall survival outcomes (p < 0.05). Circulating G-MDSC were significantly higher in MF patients compared to healthy donor controls (p < 0.0001), while M-MDSC did not show any statistically significant difference. G-MDSC were significantly higher in patients with active disease compared to patients who were in partial remission (p < 0.01). As with tumor-infiltrating MDSC, clinical stage did not correlate with circulating G-MDSC levels, while prospective overall survival analysis showed that patients with high levels of circulating G-MDSC have significantly inferior outcomes (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study shows that G-MDSC could represent a novel and easily assessable biomarker in MF, which mirrors disease activity and can predict patient subgroups with aggressive clinical features. © 2019, Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO)."
}