@article{3078647,
    title = "Passive smoking acutely affects the microcirculation in healthy non-smokers",
    author = "Linardatou, V. and Karatzanos, E. and Panagopoulou, N. and Delis, D. and Kourek, C. and Rovina, N. and Nanas, S. and Vasileiadis, I.",
    journal = "Microvascular Research",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "128",
    publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
    issn = "0026-2862, 1095-9319",
    doi = "10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103932",
    keywords = "adult;  Article;  blood vessel occlusion;  environmental temperature;  female;  human;  human experiment;  hyperemia;  ischemia;  male;  microcirculation;  muscle blood flow;  near infrared spectroscopy;  normal human;  oxygen consumption;  passive smoking;  priority journal;  reperfusion;  skeletal muscle;  tissue oxygenation;  adverse event;  blood flow;  middle aged;  oxygen consumption;  passive smoking;  pathophysiology;  pilot study;  time factor;  vascularization;  young adult, Adult;  Female;  Healthy Volunteers;  Humans;  Hyperemia;  Male;  Microcirculation;  Middle Aged;  Muscle, Skeletal;  Non-Smokers;  Oxygen Consumption;  Pilot Projects;  Regional Blood Flow;  Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared;  Time Factors;  Tobacco Smoke Pollution;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Objective: Acute effects of passive smoking on microcirculation have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present study was to detect microcirculatory alterations in healthy non-smokers after passive exposure to cigarette smoke, utilizing the Near Infrared Spectroscopy method combined with the vascular occlusion technique. Methods: Sixteen (9 females, age: 34 ± 9 years) non-smoking, healthy volunteers were exposed to passive smoking for 30 min in a temperature-controlled environment. Smoke concentration was monitored with a real-time particle counter. The following microcirculatory parameters were estimated: baseline tissue oxygen saturation (StO2); StO2 decrement after vascular occlusion (indicating the oxygen consumption rate); StO2incremental response after vascular occlusion release (reperfusion rate); the time period where the StO2 signal returns to the baseline values after the hyperemic response. Results: Baseline StO2 (79.6 ± 6.4 vs. 79 ± 8%, p = 0.53) as well as the time needed for StO2 to return to baseline levels (138.2 ± 26.5 vs. 142.1 ± 34.6 s, p = 0.64) did not significantly differ before vs. after passive smoking exposure. Oxygen consumption rate decreased after 30 min exposure to passive smoking (from 12.8 ± 4.2 to 11.3 ± 2.8%/min, p = 0.04); Reperfusion rate also significantly decreased (from 5.6 ± 1.8 to 5 ± 1.7%/s, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that acute exposure to passive smoking delays peripheral tissue oxygen consumption and adversely affects microcirculatory responsiveness after stagnant ischemia in healthy non-smokers. © 2019 Elsevier Inc."
}