@article{3079295,
    title = "Hepatitis B Antigen: Nature and Distribution of Cytoplasmic Antigen in Hepatocytes of Carriers",
    author = "Gerber, M.A. and Hadziyannis, S. and Vissoulis, C. and Schaffner, F. and Paronetto, F. and Popper, H.",
    journal = "Proceedings of The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine",
    year = "1974",
    volume = "145",
    number = "3",
    pages = "863-867",
    issn = "0037-9727, 1525-1373",
    doi = "10.3181/00379727-145-37912",
    keywords = "hepatitis b antigen, diagnosis;  endoplasmic reticulum;  immunofluorescence;  liver cell;  major clinical study;  methodology;  virus hepatitis, Carrier State;  Cell Nucleus;  Cytoplasm;  Endoplasmic Reticulum;  Fluorescent Antibody Technique;  Hepatitis A;  Hepatitis B Antigens;  Humans;  Liver;  Microscopy, Electron",
    abstract = "Abundant ER with 20-30-nm circular and filamentous structures was found by electron microscopy in hepatocytes of asymptomatic carriers with “ground-glass”-appearing cytoplasm which by immunofluorescence had been shown to contain HB Ag. On immunoelectron microscopy, the circular and filamentous structures as well as the surrounding ER reacted with antibody to HB Ag. In HB Ag-positive chronic hepatitis, cytoplasmic antigen was less prominent, but HB Ag was localized in many hepatocytic nuclei by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy. This difference in intracellular localization of HB Ag between asymptomatic carriers and patients with chronic hepatitis may have epidemiologic implications. © 1974, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved."
}