@article{3080679,
    title = "Obstructive uropathy in the transplanted kidney: Definitive management
with percutaneous nephrostomy and prolonged ureteral stenting",
    author = "Pappas, P and Giannopoulos, A and Stravodimos, KG and Zavos, G and and Alexopoulos, T and Boletis, J and Tzortzis, G and Kostakis, A",
    journal = "Journal of Endourology",
    year = "2001",
    volume = "15",
    number = "7",
    pages = "719-723",
    publisher = "MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL",
    issn = "0892-7790, 1557-900X",
    doi = "10.1089/08927790152596316",
    abstract = "Background and Purpose: Renal transplantation is an effective treatment
for end-stage renal disease. Ureteral stenosis is the most frequent
urologic complication. We report our experience with percutaneous
nephrostomy and antegrade ureteral stenting, which may offer a primary
and definitive alternative to open surgery.
Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients with renal allograft obstructive
uropathy were managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and prolonged
ureteral stenting.
Results: Percutaneous nephrostomies were successfully performed in all
15 kidneys: In 13 patients, antegrade ureteral stenting was attempted,
this being successful in 11 (85%). After prolonged ureteral stenting
(mean duration 15 months), the stent was removed in eight patients, and
six of them (75%) did not have recurrences. During follow-up, urea,
creatinine, sodium, and potassium determinations and ultrasound scans
were performed, and success was confirmed by the decline of creatinine
and reduction in hydronephrosis. No major complication was observed.
Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting is a safe and
effective treatment for renal allograft obstructive uropathy. Prolonged
ureteral stenting may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity."
}