@article{3084624,
    title = "The dynamic localization of the glucorticoid receptor in rat C6 glioma
cell mitochondria",
    author = "Koufali, MM and Moutsatsou, P and Sekeris, CE and Breen, KC",
    journal = "Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology",
    year = "2003",
    volume = "209",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "51-60",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    issn = "0303-7207",
    doi = "10.1016/j.mce.2003.07.003",
    keywords = "corticosteroid; mitochondria; glucocorticoid receptor; dexamethasone",
    abstract = "Glucocorticoids modify gene expression via the translocation of
receptors from the cytosol to the nucleus following agonist-associated
receptor activation. In this study, we have characterized mitochondrial
glucocorticoid (GR) localization and associated translocation kinetics
in the C6 mouse glioma cell line. Treatment of the cells, which were
cultured in steroid-depleted culture medium, with the GR agonist
dexamethasone (dex) resulted in a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial GR
levels in parallel with those of the cytosolic receptor. The effect was
not observed in isolated intact mitochondria suggesting that the effect
is unlikely to be direct but is rather a component of the combined
cellular response to GR activation. A marked stimulation of the
expression of the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase-1 (COX-1)
gene was found following GR activation and its export from mitochondria.
The effects were inhibited by RU486. Therefore, GR is likely to have a
functional role at the level of the mitochondria within intact cells.
(C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved."
}