@article{3085500,
    title = "Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence",
    author = "Savage, J.E. and Jansen, P.R. and Stringer, S. and Watanabe, K. and Bryois, J. and De Leeuw, C.A. and Nagel, M. and Awasthi, S. and Barr, P.B. and Coleman, J.R.I. and Grasby, K.L. and Hammerschlag, A.R. and Kaminski, J.A. and Karlsson, R. and Krapohl, E. and Lam, M. and Nygaard, M. and Reynolds, C.A. and Trampush, J.W. and Young, H. and Zabaneh, D. and Hägg, S. and Hansell, N.K. and Karlsson, I.K. and Linnarsson, S. and Montgomery, G.W. and Muñoz-Manchado, A.B. and Quinlan, E.B. and Schumann, G. and Skene, N.G. and Webb, B.T. and White, T. and Arking, D.E. and Avramopoulos, D. and Bilder, R.M. and Bitsios, P. and Burdick, K.E. and Cannon, T.D. and Chiba-Falek, O. and Christoforou, A. and Cirulli, E.T. and Congdon, E. and Corvin, A. and Davies, G. and Deary, I.J. and Derosse, P. and Dickinson, D. and Djurovic, S. and Donohoe, G. and Conley, E.D. and Eriksson, J.G. and Espeseth, T. and Freimer, N.A. and Giakoumaki, S. and Giegling, I. and Gill, M. and Glahn, D.C. and Hariri, A.R. and Hatzimanolis, A. and Keller, M.C. and Knowles, E. and Koltai, D. and Konte, B. and Lahti, J. and Le Hellard, S. and Lencz, T. and Liewald, D.C. and London, E. and Lundervold, A.J. and Malhotra, A.K. and Melle, I. and Morris, D. and Need, A.C. and Ollier, W. and Palotie, A. and Payton, A. and Pendleton, N. and Poldrack, R.A. and Räikkönen, K. and Reinvang, I. and Roussos, P. and Rujescu, D. and Sabb, F.W. and Scult, M.A. and Smeland, O.B. and Smyrnis, N. and Starr, J.M. and Steen, V.M. and Stefanis, N.C. and Straub, R.E. and Sundet, K. and Tiemeier, H. and Voineskos, A.N. and Weinberger, D.R. and Widen, E. and Yu, J. and Abecasis, G. and Andreassen, O.A. and Breen, G. and Christiansen, L. and Debrabant, B. and Dick, D.M. and Heinz, A. and Hjerling-Leffler, J. and Ikram, M.A. and Kendler, K.S. and Martin, N.G. and Medland, S.E. and Pedersen, N.L. and Plomin, R. and Polderman, T.J.C. and Ripke, S. and Van Der Sluis, S. and Sullivan, P.F. and Vrieze, S.I. and Wright, M.J. and Posthuma, D.",
    journal = "Nature Genetics",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "50",
    number = "7",
    pages = "912-919",
    publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
    issn = "1061-4036, 1546-1718",
    doi = "10.1038/s41588-018-0152-6",
    keywords = "Alzheimer disease;  Article;  attention deficit disorder;  chromatin;  conserved sequence;  corpus striatum;  exon;  expression quantitative trait locus;  gene expression;  gene location;  gene locus;  gene mapping;  genetic association;  genetic correlation;  genetic variability;  genome-wide association study;  heredity;  hippocampus;  human;  intelligence;  medium spiny neuron;  Mendelian randomization analysis;  nervous system development;  pleiotropy;  priority journal;  pyramidal nerve cell;  schizophrenia;  synapse;  adolescent;  brain;  female;  genetic predisposition;  genetics;  intelligence;  male;  meta analysis;  middle aged;  physiology;  procedures;  quantitative trait locus;  single nucleotide polymorphism, Adolescent;  Brain;  Female;  Genetic Predisposition to Disease;  Genome-Wide Association Study;  Humans;  Intelligence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide;  Quantitative Trait Loci",
    abstract = "Intelligence is highly heritable 1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being 2 . Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence 3-7 , but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2018 The Author(s)."
}