@article{3085745,
    title = "Immunological Characteristics of Colitis Associated with Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody Therapy",
    author = "Bamias, G. and Delladetsima, I. and Perdiki, M. and Siakavellas, S.I. and Goukos, D. and Papatheodoridis, G.V. and Daikos, G.L. and Gogas, H.",
    journal = "Cancer Investigation",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "35",
    number = "7",
    pages = "443-455",
    publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
    issn = "0735-7907, 1532-4192",
    doi = "10.1080/07357907.2017.1324032",
    keywords = "budesonide;  corticosteroid;  gamma interferon;  infliximab;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 13;  interleukin 17;  interleukin 4;  ipilimumab;  messenger RNA;  steroid;  transcription factor FOXP3;  antineoplastic agent;  autacoid;  CTLA4 protein, human;  cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4;  forkhead transcription factor;  FOXP3 protein, human;  gamma interferon;  IFNG protein, human;  IL17A protein, human;  interleukin 17;  ipilimumab;  monoclonal antibody, abdominal pain;  adult;  aged;  Article;  cancer immunotherapy;  CD4+ T lymphocyte;  clinical article;  colonoscopy;  controlled study;  diarrhea;  enterocolitis;  female;  fever;  gene expression;  histology;  human;  human tissue;  lamina propria;  male;  metastatic melanoma;  observational study;  phenotype;  plasma cell;  priority journal;  rectum hemorrhage;  retrospective study;  sigmoidoscopy;  treatment outcome;  antagonists and inhibitors;  biopsy;  chemically induced;  colitis;  colon;  diarrhea;  drug administration;  drug effects;  genetics;  immunology;  intestine mucosa;  melanoma;  metabolism;  middle aged;  pathology;  Skin Neoplasms;  Th1 cell;  Th17 cell;  time factor, Adult;  Aged;  Antibodies, Monoclonal;  Antineoplastic Agents;  Biopsy;  Colitis;  Colon;  Colonoscopy;  CTLA-4 Antigen;  Diarrhea;  Drug Administration Schedule;  Female;  Forkhead Transcription Factors;  Humans;  Inflammation Mediators;  Interferon-gamma;  Interleukin-17;  Intestinal Mucosa;  Male;  Melanoma;  Middle Aged;  Plasma Cells;  Retrospective Studies;  Skin Neoplasms;  Th1 Cells;  Th17 Cells;  Time Factors",
    abstract = "Anti-CTL4-A therapy is associated with development of colitis. We characterized ipilimumab-associated colitis in nine melanoma patients (6 male, mean age: 55.3-yrs). Median value for diarrhea grade was 2, number of ipilimumab doses 2, and interval since last administration 3-wks. Endoscopic characteristics resembled inflammatory bowel disease and histology revealed predominance of plasmacytes or CD4+ T-cells. We observed significant upregulation of Th1 and Th17 effector pathways (>10-fold increase for IFN-γmRNA, >5-fold for IL-17A, p < 0.01 vs. controls). Significant elevation of FoxP3 was also detected. In conclusion, ipilimumab administration results in elevations of effector lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory mediators in the gut lamina propria. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC."
}