@article{3086078,
    title = "Lifetime and baseline alcohol intakes and risk of pancreatic cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study",
    author = "Naudin, S. and Li, K. and Jaouen, T. and Assi, N. and Kyrø, C. and Tjønneland, A. and Overvad, K. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Rebours, V. and Védié, A.-L. and Boeing, H. and Kaaks, R. and Katzke, V. and Bamia, C. and Naska, A. and Trichopoulou, A. and Berrino, F. and Tagliabue, G. and Palli, D. and Panico, S. and Tumino, R. and Sacerdote, C. and Peeters, P.H. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Weiderpass, E. and Gram, I.T. and Skeie, G. and Chirlaque, M.-D. and Rodríguez-Barranco, M. and Barricarte, A. and Quirós, J.R. and Dorronsoro, M. and Johansson, I. and Sund, M. and Sternby, H. and Bradbury, K.E. and Wareham, N. and Riboli, E. and Gunter, M. and Brennan, P. and Duell, E.J. and Ferrari, P.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "143",
    number = "4",
    pages = "801-812",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.31367",
    keywords = "adult;  age;  aged;  alcohol consumption;  Article;  beer;  cancer diagnosis;  cancer incidence;  cancer risk;  controlled study;  diabetes mellitus;  disease association;  educational status;  female;  follow up;  hazard ratio;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  middle aged;  pancreas cancer;  physical activity;  priority journal;  sex difference;  smoking;  wine;  alcoholic beverage;  alcoholism;  clinical trial;  complication;  diet;  dose response;  drinking behavior;  Europe;  lifestyle;  multicenter study;  pancreas tumor;  proportional hazards model;  prospective study;  questionnaire;  risk factor, Adult;  Alcohol Drinking;  Alcoholic Beverages;  Alcoholism;  Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);  Diet;  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Life Style;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Pancreatic Neoplasms;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Smoking;  Surveys and Questionnaires",
    abstract = "Recent evidence suggested a weak relationship between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. In our study, the association between lifetime and baseline alcohol intakes and the risk of PC was evaluated, including the type of alcoholic beverages and potential interaction with smoking. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, 1,283 incident PC (57% women) were diagnosed from 476,106 cancer-free participants, followed up for 14 years. Amounts of lifetime and baseline alcohol were estimated through lifestyle and dietary questionnaires, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models with age as primary time variable were used to estimate PC hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Alcohol intake was positively associated with PC risk in men. Associations were mainly driven by extreme alcohol levels, with HRs comparing heavy drinkers (>60 g/day) to the reference category (0.1–4.9 g/day) equal to 1.77 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.95) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.29) for lifetime and baseline alcohol, respectively. Baseline alcohol intakes from beer (>40 g/day) and spirits/liquors (>10 g/day) showed HRs equal to 1.58 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.34) and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.94), respectively, compared to the reference category (0.1–2.9 g/day). In women, HR estimates did not reach statistically significance. The alcohol and PC risk association was not modified by smoking status. Findings from a large prospective study suggest that baseline and lifetime alcohol intakes were positively associated with PC risk, with more apparent risk estimates for beer and spirits/liquors than wine intake. © 2018 IARC/WHO"
}