@article{3086187,
    title = "Prospective evaluation of antibody response to Streptococcus gallolyticus and risk of colorectal cancer",
    author = "Butt, J. and Jenab, M. and Willhauck-Fleckenstein, M. and Michel, A. and Pawlita, M. and Kyrø, C. and Tjønneland, A. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Carbonnel, F. and Severi, G. and Kaaks, R. and Kühn, T. and Boeing, H. and Trichopoulou, A. and la Vecchia, C. and Karakatsani, A. and Panico, S. and Tumino, R. and Agnoli, C. and Palli, D. and Sacerdote, C. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Weiderpass, E. and Sánchez, M.-J. and Bonet Bonet, C. and Huerta, J.M. and Ardanaz, E. and Bradbury, K. and Gunter, M. and Murphy, N. and Freisling, H. and Riboli, E. and Tsilidis, K. and Aune, D. and Waterboer, T. and Hughes, D.J.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "143",
    number = "2",
    pages = "245-252",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.31283",
    keywords = "adult;  antibody detection;  antibody response;  Article;  blood sampling;  body mass;  cancer incidence;  cancer risk;  case control study;  cohort analysis;  colon carcinogenesis;  colorectal cancer;  controlled study;  descriptive research;  drinking behavior;  educational status;  female;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  onset age;  priority journal;  prospective study;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  serology;  smoking habit;  Streptococcus gallolyticus;  aged;  blood;  clinical trial;  colorectal tumor;  immunology;  intestine flora;  metabolism;  microbiology;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  odds ratio;  Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus;  Streptococcus infection, bacterial protein;  bacterium antibody, Adult;  Aged;  Antibodies, Bacterial;  Bacterial Proteins;  Case-Control Studies;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Female;  Gastrointestinal Microbiome;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Odds Ratio;  Prospective Studies;  Streptococcal Infections;  Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus",
    abstract = "The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. A subgroup of patients diagnosed with CRC show high antibody responses to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG). However, it is unclear whether the association is also present pre-diagnostically. We assessed the association of antibody responses to SGG proteins in pre-diagnostic serum samples with CRC risk in a case–control study nested within a prospective cohort. Pre-diagnostic serum samples from 485 first incident CRC cases (mean time between blood draw and diagnosis 3.4 years) and 485 matched controls in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) study were analyzed for antibody responses to 11 SGG proteins using multiplex serology. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Antibody positivity for any of the 11 SGG proteins was significantly associated with CRC risk with 56% positive controls compared to 63% positive cases (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). Positivity for two or more proteins of a previously identified SGG 6-marker panel with greater CRC-specificity was also observed among 9% of controls compared to 17% of CRC cases, corresponding to a significantly increased CRC risk (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.44–3.27). In this prospective nested case–control study, we observed a positive association between antibody responses to SGG and CRC development in serum samples taken before evident disease onset. Further work is required to establish the possibly etiological significance of these observations and whether SGG serology may be applicable for CRC risk stratification. © 2018 UICC"
}