@article{3086244,
    title = "Evidence of a Redox-Dependent Regulation of Immune Responses to Exercise-Induced Inflammation",
    author = "Sakelliou, A. and Fatouros, I.G. and Athanailidis, I. and Tsoukas, D. and Chatzinikolaou, A. and Draganidis, D. and Jamurtas, A.Z. and Liacos, C. and Papassotiriou, I. and Mandalidis, D. and Stamatelopoulos, K. and Dimopoulos, M.A. and Mitrakou, A.",
    journal = "Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity",
    year = "2016",
    volume = "2016",
    publisher = "Hindawi Limited",
    issn = "1942-0994",
    doi = "10.1155/2016/2840643",
    keywords = "Antioxidants;  Macrophages;  Muscle;  Pathology;  Peptides;  Recovery, Adhesion molecules;  Antioxidant supplementation;  Eccentric contraction;  Natural killer cells;  Performance assessment;  Pro-inflammatory cytokines;  Reduced glutathione;  Repeated measures, Blood, acetylcysteine;  C reactive protein;  carbonyl derivative;  catalase;  cell adhesion molecule;  creatine kinase;  glutathione;  glutathione disulfide;  placebo;  plasma protein;  thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, adult;  antioxidant activity;  Article;  B lymphocyte;  blood sampling;  cell subpopulation;  clinical article;  controlled study;  crossover procedure;  double blind procedure;  eccentric muscle contraction;  enzyme activity;  erythrocyte;  exercise;  flow cytometry;  HLA system;  human;  immune response;  immunocompetent cell;  immunoregulation;  inflammation;  leukocyte count;  macrophage;  male;  muscle injury;  muscle strength;  natural killer cell;  neutrophil count;  randomized controlled trial;  upregulation;  young adult;  exercise;  immunology;  inflammation;  oxidation reduction reaction;  physiology, Exercise;  Humans;  Inflammation;  Male;  Oxidation-Reduction;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "We used thiol-based antioxidant supplementation (n-acetylcysteine, NAC) to determine whether immune mobilisation following skeletal muscle microtrauma induced by exercise is redox-sensitive in healthy humans. According to a two-trial, double-blind, crossover, repeated measures design, 10 young men received either placebo or NAC (20mg/kg/day) immediately after a muscledamaging exercise protocol (300 eccentric contractions) and for eight consecutive days. Blood sampling and performance assessments were performed before exercise, after exercise, and daily throughout recovery. NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. The rise of muscle damage and inflammatory markers (muscle strength, creatine kinase activity, CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules) was less pronounced in NAC during the first phase of recovery. The rise of leukocyte and neutrophil count was decreased by NAC after exercise. Results on immune cell subpopulations obtained by flow cytometry indicated that NAC ingestion reduced the exerciseinduced rise of total macrophages, HLA+ macrophages, and 11B+ macrophages and abolished the exercise-induced upregulation of B lymphocytes. Natural killer cells declined only in PLA immediately after exercise. These results indicate that thiol-based antioxidant supplementation blunts immune cell mobilisation in response to exercise-induced inflammation suggesting that leukocyte mobilization may be under redox-dependent regulation. Copyright © 2016 Alexandra Sakelliou et al."
}