@article{3087286,
    title = "Homeobox gene involvement in normal hematopoiesis and in the pathogenesis of childhood Leukemias",
    author = "Adamaki, M. and Goulielmaki, M. and Christodoulou, I. and Vlahopoulos, S. and Zoumpourlis, V.",
    journal = "Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "22",
    number = "3-4",
    pages = "157-185",
    publisher = "Begell House, Inc",
    issn = "0893-9675",
    doi = "10.1615/CritRevOncog.2017024465",
    keywords = "mixed lineage leukemia protein;  nkl protein;  nucleophosmin;  nucleoporin 98;  pre B cell leukemia transcription factor 1;  transcription factor;  transcription factor Cdx2;  transcription factor E2A;  transcription factor HoxA1;  transcription factor HoxA10;  transcription factor HoxA11;  transcription factor HoxA12;  transcription factor HoxA13;  transcription factor HoxA2;  transcription factor HoxA3;  transcription factor HoxA4;  transcription factor HoxA5;  transcription factor HoxA6;  transcription factor HoxA7;  transcription factor HoxA8;  transcription factor HoxA9;  unclassified drug;  tumor marker, Article;  B cell leukemia;  childhood leukemia;  down regulation;  gene cluster;  gene expression;  gene function;  gene fusion;  gene mutation;  gene rearrangement;  hematopoiesis;  Hox gene;  human;  leukemogenesis;  nonhuman;  priority journal;  transcription initiation;  transcription regulation;  animal;  cell transformation;  child;  genetics;  hematopoiesis;  homeobox;  leukemia;  metabolism;  physiology;  preschool child, Animals;  Biomarkers, Tumor;  Cell Transformation, Neoplastic;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Genes, Homeobox;  Hematopoiesis;  Humans;  Leukemia",
    abstract = "Homeobox (HOX) genes are a superfamily of highly conserved genes with essential functions in many aspects of mammalian development. Their expression is tightly regulated throughout the duration of definitive hematopoiesis, so the pathogenetic mechanism that leads to leukemia suggests that malignant transformation is directly intertwined with the deregulation of HOX gene expression. Even though HOX gene involvement has been reviewed extensively in adult leukemias, childhood leukemias have received much less attention and mainly in the context of leukemias harboring MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) gene translocations. In recent years, scientific evidence has highlighted HOX gene involvement in the development of other subtypes of childhood leukemias and added HOX gene family members that were previously unrelated to the pathogenesis of childhood leukemia. This has significant implications when considering both the risk stratification of pediatric patients and potential targets for successful therapy. Through the identification of HOX target genes, their resulting interactions, and the cognate signaling pathways, we hope to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the ectopic activation of these genes in childhood leukemias and subsequently to reveal new molecular targets for successful therapy in cases of poor prognosis or resistant disease. © 2017 by Begell House, Inc."
}