@article{3087631,
    title = "Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort",
    author = "Hughes, D.J. and Fedirko, V. and Jenab, M. and Schomburg, L. and Méplan, C. and Freisling, H. and Bueno-De-Mesquita, H.B. and Hybsier, S. and Becker, N.-P. and Czuban, M. and Tjønneland, A. and Outzen, M. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Racine, A. and Bastide, N. and Kühn, T. and Kaaks, R. and Trichopoulos, D. and Trichopoulou, A. and Lagiou, P. and Panico, S. and Peeters, P.H. and Weiderpass, E. and Skeie, G. and Dagrun, E. and Chirlaque, M.-D. and Sánchez, M.-J. and Ardanaz, E. and Ljuslinder, I. and Wennberg, M. and Bradbury, K.E. and Vineis, P. and Naccarati, A. and Palli, D. and Boeing, H. and Overvad, K. and Dorronsoro, M. and Jakszyn, P. and Cross, A.J. and Quirós, J.R. and Stepien, M. and Kong, S.Y. and Duarte-Salles, T. and Riboli, E. and Hesketh, J.E.",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "136",
    number = "5",
    pages = "1149-1161",
    publisher = "Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.29071",
    keywords = "selenium;  selenoprotein P;  selenium;  selenoprotein P;  tumor marker, adult;  Article;  body mass;  cancer risk;  case control study;  colorectal cancer;  controlled study;  Europe;  female;  fish;  fruit;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  processed meat;  red meat;  selenium blood level;  sex difference;  shellfish;  smoking;  vegetable;  aged;  blood;  clinical trial;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  comparative study;  follow up;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  nutritional status;  prognosis;  prospective study;  receiver operating characteristic;  risk factor;  spectrometry, Adult;  Aged;  Biomarkers, Tumor;  Case-Control Studies;  Colorectal Neoplasms;  Europe;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nutritional Status;  Prognosis;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  ROC Curve;  Selenium;  Selenoprotein P;  Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission",
    abstract = "Suboptimal intakes of the micronutrient selenium (Se) are found in many parts of Europe. Low Se status may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We assessed Se status by measuring serum levels of Se and Selenoprotein P (SePP) and examined the association with CRC risk in a nested case-control design (966 CRC cases; 966 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Se was measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and SePP by immunoluminometric sandwich assay. Multivariable incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Respective mean Se and SePP levels were 84.0 μ/L and 4.3 mg/L in cases and 85.6 μ/L and 4.4 mg/L in controls. Higher Se concentrations were associated with a non-significant lower CRC risk (IRR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03 per 25 lg/L increase). However, sub-group analyses by sex showed a statistically significant association for women (ptrend=0.032; per 25 μ/L Se increase, IRR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) but not for men. Higher SePP concentrations were inversely associated with CRC risk (ptrend=0.009; per 0.806 mg/L increase, IRR50.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) with the association more apparent in women (ptrend=0.004; IRR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94 per 0.806 mg/L increase) than men (ptrend50.485; IRR50.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12 per 0.806 mg/L increase). The findings indicate that Se status is suboptimal in many Europeans and suggest an inverse association between CRC risk and higher serum Se status, which is more evident in women. © 2014 UICC."
}