@article{3088164,
    title = "Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate apoptosis and differential regulation of advanced glycation end products and s100b",
    author = "Moutsatsou, P. and Tsoporis, J.N. and Salpeas, V. and Bei, E. and Alevizos, B. and Anagnostara, C. and Izhar, S. and Proteau, G. and Rizos, E. and Hatziagelaki, E. and Toumpoulis, I.K. and Rizos, I.K. and Parker, T.G.",
    journal = "Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "52",
    number = "7",
    pages = "999-1007",
    publisher = "Walter de Gruyter GmbH",
    doi = "10.1515/cclm-2013-0978",
    keywords = "advanced glycation end product;  caspase 3;  cytochrome c;  messenger RNA;  protein Bax;  protein bcl 2;  protein S100B;  superoxide dismutase;  advanced glycation end product;  protein S100B;  S100B protein, human, adult;  apoptosis;  article;  bipolar depression;  bipolar disorder;  bipolar mania;  clinical article;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  enzyme activity;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  enzyme release;  female;  human;  human cell;  male;  mental patient;  pathogenesis;  pathophysiology;  peripheral lymphocyte;  priority journal;  psychiatric diagnosis;  aged;  bipolar disorder;  blood;  lymphocyte;  metabolism;  middle aged;  pathology;  young adult, Adult;  Aged;  Apoptosis;  Bipolar Disorder;  Female;  Glycosylation End Products, Advanced;  Humans;  Lymphocytes;  Male;  Middle Aged;  S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Background: This study addresses the expression of the glycosylated proteins known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the calcium binding protein S100B and the apoptotic parameters cytochome c and caspase-3 activity in peripheral lymphocyte cytosolic extracts from a sample of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy (control) subjects. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 35 patients with a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disease (10 euthymic, 12 depressed, 13 manic) and 10 healthy control subjects. Lymphocytes were used as a surrogate model in BD diagnosis and treatment. AGEs and S100B in lymphocyte cell extracts were measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: AGEs were lower in all BD patients compared to healthy subjects. Depressed patients had approximately two-fold higher S100B levels compared to healthy subjects. Manic and depressed BD patients had increased superoxide dismutase mRNA levels. Apoptosis as measured by BAX/Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity was increased in manic and depressed patients compared to healthy subjects. In the depressed patients, S100B levels correlated with cytochrome c release. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study shows decreased AGEs and increased S100B levels and caspase downstream apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes of BD patients that may underlie disease etiopathogenesis."
}