@article{3088591,
    title = "Pregnane X receptor expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Associations with clinicopathologic parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, patients' survival, and retinoid x receptor expression",
    author = "Koutsounas, I. and Giaginis, C. and Alexandrou, P. and Zizi-Serbetzoglou, A. and Patsouris, E. and Kouraklis, G. and Theocharis, S.",
    journal = "Journal of the Pancreas",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "44",
    number = "7",
    pages = "1134-1140",
    publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
    doi = "10.1097/MPA.0000000000000405",
    keywords = "pregnane X receptor;  retinoid X receptor alpha;  retinoid X receptor beta;  retinoid X receptor gamma;  pregnane X receptor;  retinoid X receptor;  retinoid X receptor alpha;  retinoid X receptor beta;  retinoid X receptor gamma;  steroid receptor, adult;  aged;  Article;  cancer grading;  cancer size;  cancer staging;  cancer survival;  carcinogenesis;  controlled study;  female;  human;  human tissue;  immunohistochemistry;  major clinical study;  male;  oncological parameters;  pancreas adenocarcinoma;  pancreatic tissue;  priority journal;  protein expression;  tumor differentiation;  tumor proliferative capacity;  very elderly;  adenocarcinoma;  biosynthesis;  chi square distribution;  disease course;  Kaplan Meier method;  metabolism;  middle aged;  multivariate analysis;  pancreas tumor;  pathology;  proportional hazards model;  statistics and numerical data, Adenocarcinoma;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Chi-Square Distribution;  Disease Progression;  Female;  Humans;  Immunohistochemistry;  Kaplan-Meier Estimate;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Multivariate Analysis;  Neoplasm Staging;  Pancreatic Neoplasms;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Receptors, Steroid;  Retinoid X Receptor alpha;  Retinoid X Receptor beta;  Retinoid X Receptor gamma;  Retinoid X Receptors",
    abstract = "Objectives: Pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been involved in human malignancy, either by directly affecting carcinogenesis or by inducing drugdrug interactions and chemotherapy resistance. The present study aimed to assess the clinical significance of PXR in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: Pregnane X receptor and its heterodimers' PXR/retinoid X receptor α (RXR-α), RXR-β, and RXR-ã expression were assessed immunohistochemically on tumoral samples from 55 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and were associated with clinicopathologic parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, and patients' survival. Results: Enhanced PXR expression was noted in 24 (43.6%) of 55 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients presenting increased histological grade of tumor differentiation showed a significant increased incidence of elevated PXR expression (P = 0.023). Enhanced PXR/RXR-β expression was significantly associated with smaller tumor size and earlier clinical stage (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). Elevated PXR/RXR-ã expression was significantly associated with smaller tumor size and earlier clinical stage (P = 0.012 and P = 0.014, respectively) and borderline with the absence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.056). In addition, pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients presenting enhanced PXR/RXR-ã expression showed marginally longer survival times compared with those with decreased expression (log-rank test, P = 0.053). Conclusions: This study supported evidence that PXR and its copartners' overexpression may be associated with favorable clinicopathologic parameters and better outcome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved."
}