@article{3089648,
    title = "Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus",
    author = "Kadoglou, N.P.E. and Iliadis, F. and Sailer, N. and Athanasiadou, Z. and Vitta, I. and Kapelouzou, A. and Karayannacos, P.E. and Liapis, C.D. and Alevizos, M. and Angelopoulou, N. and Vrabas, I.S.",
    journal = "Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental",
    year = "2010",
    volume = "59",
    number = "4",
    pages = "599-607",
    issn = "0026-0495",
    doi = "10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.002",
    keywords = "apolipoprotein A1;  apolipoprotein B;  gliclazide;  hemoglobin A1c;  high density lipoprotein;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 18;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  metformin;  rosiglitazone, add on therapy;  adult;  aged;  anthropometric parameters;  article;  blood pressure monitoring;  cardiopulmonary hemodynamics;  cardiovascular risk;  cholesterol blood level;  clinical trial;  controlled clinical trial;  controlled study;  down regulation;  exercise;  female;  glycemic control;  human;  insulin resistance;  major clinical study;  male;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  obesity;  priority journal;  randomized controlled trial, Aged;  Body Composition;  C-Reactive Protein;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Exercise;  Female;  Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated;  Humans;  Hypoglycemic Agents;  Insulin Resistance;  Lipoproteins, LDL;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Thiazolidinediones",
    abstract = "The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and/or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c &gt;7%) despite combined treatment with gliclazide plus metformin, were randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent (n = 25) groups, as follows: (1) CO: maintenance of habitual activities, (2) RSG: add-on therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d), (3) EX: adjunctive exercise training, and (4) RSG + EX: supplementary administration of rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) plus exercise training. No participant had diabetic vascular complications or was receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory capacity, glycemic and lipid profile, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, insulin resistance, and blood pressure were measured before and after 12 months of intervention (P &lt; .05). Both RSG and EX groups significantly reduced glycemic indexes, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and IL-18, whereas they significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, cardiorespiratory capacity, and IL-10, compared with CO group (P &lt; .05). Besides this, exercise-treated patients conferred a remarkable down-regulation in the rest of lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apo B) and body fat content (P &lt; .05) in comparison with CO group. On the other hand, RSG group rather than CO group considerably increased apo A-I levels and body mass index (P &lt; .05). Notably, the combined treatment group yielded pronounced beneficial changes in glycemic indexes, lipid profile, insulin resistance, blood pressure, IL-10, IL-18, apo A-I, and apo B (vs CO group, P &lt; .05). Furthermore, the addition of exercise to rosiglitazone treatment counteracted the drug-related negative effects on body weight, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. Rosiglitazone plus exercise training elicited additive effects on body composition, glycemic control, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, indicating complementary effects. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
}