@article{3090217,
    title = "Extracellular matrix-associated (GAGs, CTGF), angiogenic (VEGF) and inflammatory factors (MCP-1, CD40, IFN-γ) in type 1 diabetes mellitus nephropathy",
    author = "Ellina, O. and Chatzigeorgiou, A. and Kouyanou, S. and Lymberi, M. and Mylona-Karagianni, C. and Tsouvalas, E. and Kamper, E.F.",
    journal = "Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "50",
    number = "1",
    pages = "167-174",
    doi = "10.1515/CCLM.2011.881",
    keywords = "CD40 antigen;  connective tissue growth factor;  gamma interferon;  glycosaminoglycan;  monocyte chemotactic protein 1;  vasculotropin, adolescent;  albuminuria;  angiogenesis;  article;  child;  clinical article;  controlled study;  correlation analysis;  diabetic nephropathy;  disease course;  disease duration;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  extracellular matrix;  female;  human;  inflammation;  insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  kidney injury;  male;  prediction;  priority journal;  protein blood level;  protein urine level;  school child;  spectrophotometry, Antigens, CD40;  Biological Markers;  Chemokine CCL2;  Child;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1;  Diabetic Nephropathies;  Extracellular Matrix;  Female;  Glycosaminoglycans;  Humans;  Interferon-gamma;  Male;  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
    abstract = "Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of extracellular matrix-associated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory factors (MCP-1, CD40, IFN-γ) in the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Methods: Plasma and urine samples from 30 T1DM patients and 20 healthy controls were used to measure the levels of CTGF, VEGF, MCP-1, CD40 and IFN-γ by ELISA. Plasma and urine GAGs were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Results: Plasma levels of GAGs, CD40 and MCP-1 and urine levels of GAGs and CTGF were significantly elevated in normoalbuminuric T1DM patients. A tendency to higher plasma VEGF levels was found in patients compared to controls. The urine/plasma GAGs ratio of T1DM patients was almost similar to that of healthy subjects (HS), whereas the urine/plasma CTGF ratio was about three times greater in diabetic patients compared to HS. Conclusions: Conclusively, increased GAGs and CTGF excretion are evident in T1DM normoalbuminuric juveniles, possibly reflecting early renal injury signs, before the initiation of albuminuria. © 2011 by Walter de Gruyter."
}