@article{3092492,
    title = "Disuniting uniformity: A pied cladistic canvas of mtDNA haplogroup H in
Eurasia",
    author = "Loogvali, EL and Roostalu, U and Malyarchuk, BA and Derenko, MV and and Kivisild, T and Metspalu, E and Tambets, K and Reidla, M and Tolk, HV and and Parik, J and Pennarun, E and Laos, S and Lunkina, A and Golubenko, M and and Barac, L and Pericic, M and Balanovsky, OP and Gusar, V and and Khusnutdinova, EK and Stepanov, V and Puzyrev, V and Rudan, P and and Balanovska, EV and Grechanina, E and Richard, C and Moisan, JP and and Chaventre, A and Anagnou, NP and Pappa, KI and Michalodimitrakis, EN and and Claustres, M and Golge, M and Mikerezi, I and Usanga, E and Villems, R",
    journal = "Molecular Biology and Evolution",
    year = "2004",
    volume = "21",
    number = "11",
    pages = "2012-2021",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "0737-4038, 1537-1719",
    doi = "10.1093/molbev/msh209",
    keywords = "human mitochondrial DNA; population genetics; phylogeography",
    abstract = "It has been often stated that the overall pattern of human maternal
lineages in Europe is largely uniform. Yet this uniformity may also
result from an insufficient depth and width of the phylogenetic
analysis, in particular of the predominant western Eurasian haplogroup
(Hg) H that comprises nearly a half of the European mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) pool. Making use of the coding sequence information from 267
mtDNA Hg H sequences, we have analyzed 830 mtDNA genomes, from 11
European, Near and Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Altaian
populations. In addition to the seven previously specified
subhaplogroups, we define fifteen novel subclades of Hg H present in the
extant human populations of western Eurasia. The refinement of the
phylogenetic resolution has allowed us to resolve a large number of
homoplasies in phylogenetic trees of Hg H based on the first
hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mtDNA. As many as 50 out of 125
polymorphic positions in HVS-I were found to be mutated in more than one
subcluster of Hg H. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that sub-Hgs
H1*, H1b, H1f, H2a, H3, H6a, H6b, and H8 demonstrate distinct
phylogeographic patterns. The monophyletic subhaplogroups of Hg H
provide means for further progress in the understanding of the
(pre)historic movements of women in Eurasia and for the understanding of
the present-day genetic diversity of western Eurasians in general."
}