@article{3092743,
    title = "Apolipoprotein E genotype in dyslipidemic patients and response of blood
lipids and inflammatory markers to alpha-linolenic acid",
    author = "Paschos, GK and Yiannakouris, N and Rallidis, LS and Davies, I and and Griffin, BA and Panagiotakos, DB and Skopouli, FN and Votteas, V and and Zampelas, A",
    journal = "International Angiology",
    year = "2005",
    volume = "56",
    number = "1",
    pages = "49-60",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
    issn = "0392-9590",
    doi = "10.1177/000331970505600107",
    abstract = "The objective of this study was to determine the effect of
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation on blood lipids and
inflammatory markers, in relation to apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype.
The diets of 50 dyslipidemic male patients were supplemented with 15 mL
of flaxseed oil per day for 12 weeks, Retrospectively, 3 apo E genotype
variants were found (epsilon2/epsilon3, n = 7; epsilon3/epsilon3, n =
33; epsilon3/epsilon4, n = 10). No significant differences were found
among apo E genotypes in any variables at baseline. ALA supplementation
produced a small but significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (from 1.12 to 1.08 mmol/L, 43 to 42 mg/dL; p = 0.008) and
apo A-1 levels (from 1.28 to 1.24 g/L, p = 0.036) in the
epsilon3/epsilon3 homozygotes. In addition, ALA supplementation resulted
in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A
(SAA) (p = 0.014), C-reactive protein (CRID) (p = 0.013), macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p < 0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p
= 0.028). Serum SAA and MCSF were also significantly decreased in the
epsilon3/epsilon4 group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.017, respectively). In
contrast, ALA produced no effects on any of the inflammatory markers in
the epsilon2/epsilon3 group. ALA may have beneficial effects on
inflammation in dyslipidemic carriers of the apo epsilon3/epsilon3 and
epsilon3/epsilon4 genotypes, but not in carriers of the epsilon2 allele."
}