@article{3093170,
    title = "How do individuals sleep around the world? Results from a single-day
survey in ten countries",
    author = "Soldatos, CR and Allaert, FA and Ohta, T and Dikeos, DG",
    journal = "Sleep Medicine",
    year = "2005",
    volume = "6",
    number = "1",
    pages = "5-13",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV",
    issn = "1389-9457",
    doi = "10.1016/j.sleep.2004.10.006",
    keywords = "sleep disorders; insomnia; survey; sleep; prevalence; daytime sleepiness",
    abstract = "Background and purpose: To describe between-country differences in both
the prevalence and type of sleep disorders seen across the globe, and to
provide information on how impaired sleep impacts daytime functioning.
Patients and methods: The study is a large-scale, global cross-sectional
survey conducted on International Sleep Well Day (March 21), 2002. A
standardized questionnaire was used in 10 countries under the guidance
of local survey managers. In addition, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)
and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were completed. Subjects included
in the study were adults from 10 countries representing different
continents with clear variations in lifestyle.
Results: The total number of questionnaires collected was 35,327.
Overall, 24% of subjects reported that they did not sleep wen.
According to self-assessments using the AIS, 31.6% of subjects had
‘insomnia’, while another 17.5% could be considered as having
‘sub-threshold insomnia’. According to ESS scores, 11.6% of subjects
were found to be ‘very sleepy’ or ‘dangerously sleepy’ during the day.
Conclusions: Although there seem to be important global variations in
the prevalence of insomnia, its symptoms and their management, about one
in four individuals do not think they sleep well. Moreover,
self-reported sleep problems could be underestimated in the general
population. Overall, there is a need for increased awareness of the
importance of disturbed sleep and the improved detection and management
of sleep disorders. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."
}