@article{3094453,
    title = "Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)",
    author = "González, C.A. and Jakszyn, P. and Pera, G. and Agudo, A. and Bingham, S. and Palli, D. and Ferrari, P. and Boeing, H. and del Giudice, G. and Plebani, M. and Carneiro, F. and Nesi, G. and Berrino, F. and Sacerdote, C. and Tumino, R. and Panico, S. and Berglund, G. and Simán, H. and Nyrén, O. and Hallmans, G. and Martinez, C. and Dorronsoro, M. and Barricarte, A. and Navarro, C. and Quirós, J.R. and Allen, N. and Key, T.J. and Day, N.E. and Linseisen, J. and Nagel, G. and Bergmann, M.M. and Overvad, K. and Jensen, M.K. and Tjonneland, A. and Olsen, A. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Ocke, M. and Peeters, P.H.M. and Numans, M.E. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Trichopoulou, A. and Psaltopoulou, T. and Roukos, D. and Lund, E. and Hemon, B. and Kaaks, R. and Norat, T. and Riboli, E.",
    journal = "Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs",
    year = "2006",
    volume = "98",
    number = "5",
    pages = "345-354",
    issn = "1052-6773",
    doi = "10.1093/jnci/djj071",
    keywords = "adult;  aged;  article;  cancer risk;  carcinogenesis;  clinical trial;  cohort analysis;  confidence interval;  controlled clinical trial;  controlled study;  dietary intake;  esophageal adenocarcinoma;  Europe;  female;  follow up;  Helicobacter infection;  Helicobacter pylori;  human;  lifestyle;  major clinical study;  male;  meat;  priority journal;  proportional hazards model;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  statistical analysis;  statistical significance;  stomach adenocarcinoma, Adenocarcinoma;  Adult;  Aged;  Cardia;  Case-Control Studies;  Confidence Intervals;  Esophageal Neoplasms;  Europe;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Food Habits;  Helicobacter Infections;  Helicobacter pylori;  Humans;  Incidence;  Life Style;  Male;  Meat;  Middle Aged;  Odds Ratio;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Prospective Studies;  Questionnaires;  Risk Assessment;  Risk Factors;  Stomach Neoplasms",
    abstract = "Background: Dietary factors are thought to have an important role in gastric and esophageal carcinogenesis, but evidence from cohort studies for such a role is lacking. We examined the risks of gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with meat consumption within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: A total of 521 457 men and women aged 35=70 years in 1 0 European countries participated in the EPIC cohort. Dietary and lifestyle information was collected at recruitment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between meat intake and risks of cardia and gastric noncardia cancers and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Data from a calibration substudy were used to correct hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diet measurement errors. In a nested case-control study, we examined interactions between Helicobacter pylori infection status (i.e., plasma H. pylori antibodies) and meat intakes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, 330 gastric adenocarcinoma and 65 esophageal adenocarcinomas were diagnosed. Gastric noncardia cancer risk was statistically significantly associated with intakes of total meat (calibrated HR per 100-g/day increase = 3.52; 95% CI 1.96 to 6.34), red meat (calibrated HR per 50-g/day increase = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.88), and processed meat (calibrated HR per 50-g/day increase = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.43 to 4.21). The association between the risk of gastric noncardia cancer and total meat intake was especially large in H. pylori-infected subjects (odds ratio per 100-g/day increase = 5.32; 95% CI = 2.10 to 13.4). Intakes of total, red, or processed meat were not associated with the risk of gastric cardia cancer. A positive but non-statistically significant association was observed between esophageal adenocarcinoma cancer risk and total and processed meat intake in the calibrated model. In this study population, the absolute risk of development of gastric adenocarcinoma within 10 years for a study subject aged 60 years was 0.26% for the lowest quartile of total meat intake and 0.33% for the highest quartile of total meat intake. Conclusion: Total, red, and processed meat intakes were associated with an increased risk of gastric noncardia cancer, especially in H. pylori antibody-positive subjects, but not with cardia gastric cancer. © 2006 Oxford University Press."
}