@article{3095257,
    title = "Effect of luteal-phase support on endometrial L-selectin ligand expression after recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and ganirelix acetate for in vitro fertilization",
    author = "Vlahos, N.F. and Lipari, C.W. and Bankowski, B. and Lai, T.-H. and King, J.A. and Shih, I.-M. and Fragakis, K. and Zhao, Y.",
    journal = "JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM",
    year = "2006",
    volume = "91",
    number = "10",
    pages = "4043-4049",
    publisher = "Japan Endocrine Society",
    issn = "0021-972X",
    doi = "10.1210/jc.2006-0520",
    keywords = "estradiol;  ganirelix;  L selectin;  progesterone;  recombinant follitropin;  sex hormone, article;  controlled study;  corpus luteum;  donor;  fertilization in vitro;  gene expression;  human;  immunohistochemistry;  luteal phase;  priority journal;  staining",
    abstract = "Context: The impact of different types of luteal phase support on endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation has not been investigated. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of different luteal-phase support protocols on sex steroid levels and on endometrial expression of L-selectin ligand after ovarian hyperstimulation with a GnRH antagonist protocol. Patients and Design: Seventeen oocyte donors who underwent ovarian stimulation with a recombinant FSH/ganirelix acetate protocol were randomized into three groups: group I had no luteal-phase support; group II had luteal support with micronized progesterone; and group III had luteal support with progesterone plus 17β-estradiol. All donors had endometrial biopsies on the day of retrieval, and then 3, 5, and 10 d after retrieval. In addition, they had serum estradiol and progesterone measurements on d 3, 5, and 10. Main Outcome Measures: Endometrial L-selectin ligand expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in the luminal and glandular epithelium. A histological score was used for the quantification of the immunostaining. Sex steroid levels were measured during the luteal phase. Results: By d 10 after retrieval, there was a significant decrease in mean progesterone levels in group I compared with the other two groups that may reflect the expected demise of the corpus luteum. There was also a significant increase in the presence of L-selectin ligands in the luminal epithelium in group III. Conclusions: During controlled ovarian stimulation with a GnRH antagonist protocol, luteal-phase support with micronized progesterone and 17β-estradiol seem to increase endometrial L-selectin ligand expression in the luminal endothelium. Copyright © 2006 by The Endocrine Society."
}