@article{3100290,
    title = "Obesity and the Risk of Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults",
    author = "Jaakonmäki, N. and Zedde, M. and Sarkanen, T. and Martinez-Majander, N. and Tuohinen, S. and Sinisalo, J. and Ryödi, E. and Autere, J. and Hedman, M. and Junttola, U. and Huhtakangas, J.K. and Grimaldi, T. and Pascarella, R. and Nordanstig, A. and Bech-Hanssen, O. and Holbe, C. and Busch, R. and Fromm, A. and Ylikotila, P. and Turgut, E.E. and Amorim, I. and Ryliskiene, K. and Tulkki, L. and Pascasio, L.A. and Licenik, R. and Ferdinand, P. and Tsivgoulis, G. and Jatužis, D. and Kõrv, L. and Kõrv, J. and Pezzini, A. and Fonseca, A.C. and Yesilot, N. and Roine, R.O. and Waje-Andreassen, U. and von Sarnowski, B. and Redfors, P. and Huhtakangas, J. and Numminen, H. and Jäkälä, P. and Putaala, J. and the SECRETO Study Group",
    journal = "Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "31",
    number = "5",
    publisher = "W.B. Saunders",
    issn = "1052-3057",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106380",
    keywords = "abdominal obesity;  adult;  Article;  body build;  body height;  body mass;  body weight;  cardiovascular risk;  case control study;  confounding variable;  controlled study;  cryptogenic ischemic stroke;  demographics;  educational status;  female;  hip circumference;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  migraine with aura;  obesity;  odds ratio;  prospective study;  risk factor;  sex;  waist circumference;  waist hip ratio",
    abstract = "Objectives: We examined the association between obesity and early-onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS) and whether fat distribution or sex altered this association. Materials and Methods: This prospective, multi-center, case-control study included 345 patients, aged 18-49 years, with first-ever, acute CIS. The control group included 345 age- and sex-matched stroke-free individuals. We measured height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Obesity metrics analyzed included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), and a body shape index (ABSI). Models were adjusted for age, level of education, vascular risk factors, and migraine with aura. Results: After adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, and migraine with aura, the highest tertile of WHR was associated with CIS (OR for highest versus lowest WHR tertile 2.81, 95%CI 1.43-5.51; P=0.003). In sex-specific analyses, WHR tertiles were not associated with CIS. However, using WHO WHR cutoff values (>0.85 for women, >0.90 for men), abdominally obese women were at increased risk of CIS (OR 2.09, 95%CI 1.02-4.27; P=0.045). After adjusting for confounders, WC, BMI, WSR, or ABSI were not associated with CIS. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity measured with WHR was an independent risk factor for CIS in young adults after rigorous adjustment for concomitant risk factors. © 2022 The Author(s)"
}