@article{3100651,
    title = "Dietary patterns and 10-year (2002-2012) incidence of type 2 diabetes: Results from the ATTICA cohort study",
    author = "Koloverou, E. and Panagiotakos, D.B. and Georgousopoulou, E.N. and Grekas, A. and Christou, A. and Chatzigeorgiou, M. and Chrysohoou, C. and Tousoulis, D. and Stefanadis, C. and Pitsavos, C. and ATTICA Study Group and Skoumas, Y. and Katinioti, N. and Papadimitriou, L. and Masoura, C. and Vellas, S. and Lentzas, Y. and Kambaxis, M. and Palliou, K. and Metaxa, V. and Ntzouvani, A. and Mpougatsas, D. and Skourlis, N. and Papanikolaou, C. and Kouli, G.-M. and Christou, A. and Zana, A. and Ntertimani, M. and Kalogeropoulou, A. and Pitaraki, E. and Laskaris, A. and Hatzigeorgiou, M. and Grekas, A. and Vassiliadou, C. and Dedoussis, G. and Toutouza-Giotsa, M. and Tselika, C. and Poulopoulou, S. and Toutouza, M.",
    journal = "The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS",
    year = "2016",
    volume = "13",
    number = "4",
    pages = "246-256",
    publisher = "SBDR - Society for Biomedical Diabetes Research",
    issn = "1613-6071, 1614-0575",
    doi = "10.1900/RDS.2016.13.246",
    keywords = "adult;  aged;  anthropometry;  Article;  body height;  body weight;  cohort analysis;  female;  follow up;  hip circumference;  human;  incidence;  lifestyle;  macronutrient;  male;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  nutritional assessment;  questionnaire;  waist circumference;  adverse effects;  age;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  diet;  ethnology;  factor analysis;  feeding behavior;  Greece;  healthy diet;  middle aged;  nutrition;  patient compliance;  Prediabetic State;  prospective study;  risk factor;  urban health, Adult;  Age Factors;  Cohort Studies;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Diet;  Factor Analysis, Statistical;  Feeding Behavior;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Greece;  Healthy Diet;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nutrition Surveys;  Patient Compliance;  Prediabetic State;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Urban Health",
    abstract = "AIM: To identify dietary patterns among apparently healthy individuals and to determine their long-term effect on diabetes incidence. METHODS: During 2001-2002, a random sample of 3,042 men and women (18-89 years old), living in greater Athens, was randomly selected to participate in the study. During 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2,583 participants (15% drop-out rate). After excluding participants with diabetes at baseline and those for whom no information on diabetes status was available at follow- up, the working sample consisted of 1,485 participants. Dietary habits were assessed by means of a validated semiquantitative, food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to extract dietary patterns from 18 food groups. RESULTS: Diabetes diagnosis at follow-up was made in 191 participants, yielding an incidence rate of 12.9%. Six factors (i.e. dietary patterns) were identified that explained 54% of the variation in consumption. After adjusting for major confounders, and stratification by age-group, logistic regression revealed that the most healthful pattern consisted of the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, bread, rusk, and pasta which reduced the 10-year diabetes risk by 40%, among participants aged 45-55 years. The association reached marginal statistical significance (95% CI: 0.34, 1.07), while no significant association was observed for the other age-groups. When the analysis was additionally adjusted for carbohydrate percentage, statistical significance was lost completely, suggesting a possibly mediating effect of this macronutrient. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the potentially protective effect of a plant-based dietary pattern in the primary prevention of diabetes, in particular among middle-aged people. Carbohydrate content may be a specific factor in this relationship; other micronutrients found in plant-based food groups may also play a role. © by Lab & Life Press/SBDR."
}