@article{3100693, title = "Sepsis: frontiers in diagnosis, resuscitation and antibiotic therapy", author = "Perner, A. and Gordon, A.C. and De Backer, D. and Dimopoulos, G. and Russell, J.A. and Lipman, J. and Jensen, J.-U. and Myburgh, J. and Singer, M. and Bellomo, R. and Walsh, T.", journal = "Intensive Care Medicine Experimental", year = "2016", volume = "42", number = "12", pages = "1958-1969", publisher = "Springer-Verlag", issn = "2197-425X", doi = "10.1007/s00134-016-4577-z", keywords = "antibiotic agent; biological marker; hypertensive factor; inotropic agent; antiinfective agent; biological marker; cardiotonic agent; vasoconstrictor agent, antibiotic therapy; blood transfusion; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamics; human; leukocyte count; microorganism detection; outcome assessment; resuscitation; Review; risk factor; sepsis; treatment indication; blood; fluid therapy; incidence; intensive care; intensive care unit; microbiology; mortality; sepsis; standards, Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Cardiotonic Agents; Critical Care; Fluid Therapy; Hemodynamics; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Resuscitation; Sepsis; Vasoconstrictor Agents", abstract = "Sepsis is a major growing global burden and a major challenge to intensive care clinicians, researchers, guideline committee members and policy makers, because of its high and increasing incidence and great pathophysiological, molecular, genetic and clinical complexity. In spite of recent progress, short-term mortality remains high and there is growing evidence of long-term morbidity and increased long-term mortality in survivors of sepsis both in developed and developing countries. Further improvement in the care of patients with sepsis will impact upon global health. In this narrative review, invited experts describe the expected challenges and progress to be made in the near future. We focus on diagnosis, resuscitation (fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, blood transfusion and hemodynamic targets) and infection (antibiotics and infection biomarkers), as these areas are key, if initial management and subsequent outcomes are to be improved in patients with sepsis. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ESICM." }