@article{3103701,
    title = "Development and content validation of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score",
    author = "Quirke, K. and Aydın, A. and Bultitude, M. and Sarıca, K. and Glass, J. and Khan, A. and Marsh, H. and Al-Hayek, S. and Wiseman, O. and Patterson, J. and Makanjuola, J. and Skolarikos, A. and Somani, B. and Khan, M.S. and Dasgupta, P. and Ahmed, K.",
    journal = "International Journal of Urological Nursing",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "27",
    number = "11",
    pages = "960-964",
    publisher = "Blackwell Publishing Inc.",
    issn = "1749-7701, 1749-771X",
    doi = "10.1111/iju.14332",
    keywords = "adverse outcome;  Article;  content validity;  feedback system;  hazard assessment;  healthcare failure mode and effect analysis;  human;  longitudinal study;  multicenter study;  observational study;  percutaneous nephrolithotomy;  percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score;  priority journal;  prospective study;  scoring system;  surgeon;  surgical training;  adverse event;  curriculum;  nephrolithiasis;  operating room, Curriculum;  Humans;  Kidney Calculi;  Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous;  Operating Rooms;  Prospective Studies",
    abstract = "Objectives: To develop and content validate a percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score, taking into consideration the procedure-specific risks. Methods: This prospective international study utilized the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to systematically outline percutaneous nephrolithotomy and failure modes for each step. A total of 25 h was spent observing percutaneous nephrolithotomy carried out by six expert surgeons. Hazard analysis scoring was carried out by 11 experts. It was determined if the steps were single point weaknesses. Single point weaknesses and those assigned a hazard score ≥4 were included in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score. The tool was then content validated by 16 experts from 10 countries. Results: Application of the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis identified 64 failure modes; 37 failure modes had a hazard score ≥4. After adaptations based on expert feedback the final percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score was developed containing 10 phases, 21 processes and 47 subprocesses. All participants agreed that the tool contained pertinent procedural steps. Conclusions: This study has developed and shown the international content validity of a novel percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score. The tool can be utilized in modular operating room training to quantify operator progress, and can be used in conjunction with other modules as part of a complete percutaneous nephrolithotomy curriculum for trainees. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Urology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Urological Association"
}