@article{3103809,
    title = "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps, and Opportunities",
    author = "Osuchowski, M.F. and Aletti, F. and Cavaillon, J.-M. and Flohé, S.B. and Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J. and Huber-Lang, M. and Relja, B. and Skirecki, T. and Szabó, A. and Maegele, M.",
    journal = "Shock (Augusta, Ga.)",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "54",
    number = "4",
    pages = "416-437",
    publisher = "NLM (Medline)",
    doi = "10.1097/SHK.0000000000001565",
    keywords = "Betacoronavirus;  clinical trial (topic);  Coronavirus infection;  human;  laboratory technique;  pandemic;  virus pneumonia, Betacoronavirus;  Clinical Laboratory Techniques;  Clinical Trials as Topic;  Coronavirus Infections;  Humans;  Pandemics;  Pneumonia, Viral",
    abstract = "Approximately 3 billion people around the world have gone into some form of social separation to mitigate the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The uncontrolled influx of patients in need of emergency care has rapidly brought several national health systems to near-collapse with deadly consequences to those afflicted by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other critical diseases associated with COVID-19. Solid scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 remains scarce; there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology to facilitate precise and targeted treatments. The capacity for rapid information dissemination has emerged as a double-edged sword; the existing gap of high-quality data is frequently filled by anecdotal reports, contradictory statements, and misinformation. This review addresses several important aspects unique to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the most relevant knowledge gaps and existing windows-of-opportunity. Specifically, focus is given on SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis in the context of experimental therapies and preclinical evidence and their applicability in supporting efficacious clinical trial planning. The review discusses the existing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and the potential application of translational technology for epidemiological predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making in COVID-19. Furthermore, solutions for enhancing international strategies in translational research, cooperative networks, and regulatory partnerships are contemplated."
}