@article{3103827,
    title = "Predictors of Food Sensitization in Children and Adults Across Europe",
    author = "Lyons, S.A. and Knulst, A.C. and Burney, P.G.J. and Fernández-Rivas, M. and Ballmer-Weber, B.K. and Barreales, L. and Bieli, C. and Clausen, M. and Dubakiene, R. and Fernández-Perez, C. and Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz, M. and Kowalski, M.L. and Kummeling, I. and Mustakov, T.B. and van Os-Medendorp, H. and Papadopoulos, N.G. and Popov, T.A. and Potts, J. and Xepapadaki, P. and Welsing, P.M.J. and Mills, E.N.C. and van Ree, R. and Le, T.-M.",
    journal = "The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "8",
    number = "9",
    pages = "3074-3083.e32",
    publisher = "American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology",
    issn = "2213-2198",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.040",
    keywords = "allergen;  immunoglobulin E;  allergen, adult;  age;  Article;  atopy;  blood sampling;  child;  clinical evaluation;  clinical feature;  clinical outcome;  cohort analysis;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  disease association;  environmental exposure;  Europe;  female;  food;  food allergy;  gestational age;  human;  male;  obstetric delivery;  prevalence;  risk factor;  school child;  sensitization;  sex;  trend study;  animal;  breast feeding;  dog;  food allergy;  infant;  preschool child, Adult;  Allergens;  Animals;  Breast Feeding;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Dogs;  Europe;  Female;  Food Hypersensitivity;  Humans;  Infant;  Male",
    abstract = "Background: The geographical variation and temporal increase in the prevalence of food sensitization (FS) suggest environmental influences. Objective: To investigate how environment, infant diet, and demographic characteristics, are associated with FS in children and adults, focusing on early-life exposures. Methods: Data on childhood and adult environmental exposures (including, among others, sibship size, day care, pets, farm environment, and smoking), infant diet (including breast-feeding and timing of introduction to infant formula and solids), and demographic characteristics were collected from 2196 school-age children and 2185 adults completing an extensive questionnaire and blood sampling in the cross-sectional pan-European EuroPrevall project. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine associations between the predictor variables and sensitization to foods commonly implicated in food allergy (specific IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L). Secondary outcomes were inhalant sensitization and primary (non–cross-reactive) FS. Results: Dog ownership in early childhood was inversely associated with childhood FS (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.90), as was higher gestational age at delivery (odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87-0.99] per week increase in age). Lower age and male sex were associated with a higher prevalence of adult FS (odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98] per year increase in age, and 1.39 [95% CI, 1.12-1.71] for male sex). No statistically significant associations were found between other evaluated environmental determinants and childhood or adult FS, nor between infant diet and childhood FS, although early introduction of solids did show a trend toward prevention of FS. Conclusions: Dog ownership seems to protect against childhood FS, but independent effects of other currently conceived environmental and infant dietary determinants on FS in childhood or adulthood could not be confirmed. © 2020 The Authors"
}