@article{3104207,
    title = "Do smokers want to protect non-smokers from the harms of second-hand smoke in cars? Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys",
    author = "Nogueira, S.O. and Tigova, O. and Driezen, P. and Fu, M. and Kyriakos, C.N. and Zatoński, M. and Mons, U. and Quah, A.C.K. and Demjén, T. and Trofor, A.C. and Przewoźniak, K. and Katsaounou, P.A. and Fong, G.T. and Vardavas, C.I. and Fernández, E. and Glahn, A. and Nguyen, D. and Nikitara, K. and Radu-Loghin, C. and Starchenko, P. and Tsatsakis, A. and Girvalaki, C. and Igoumenaki, C. and Papadakis, S. and Papathanasaki, A. and Tzatzarakis, M. and Vardavas, A.I. and Bécuwe, N. and Deaconu, L. and Goudet, S. and Hanley, C. and Rivière, O. and Kiss, J. and Kovacs, A.P. and Castellano, Y. and McNeill, A. and East, K. and Hitchman, S.C. and Kahnert, S. and Tountas, Y. and Behrakis, P. and Filippidis, F.T. and Gratziou, C. and Katsaounou, P. and Peleki, T. and Petroulia, I. and Tzavara, C. and Eremia, M. and Lotrean, L. and Mihaltan, F. and Rohde, G. and Asano, T. and Cichon, C. and Far, A. and Genton, C. and Jessner, M. and Hedman, L. and Janson, C. and Lindberg, A. and Maguire, B. and Ravara, S. and Vaccaro, V. and Ward, B. and Willemsen, M. and De Vries, H. and Hummel, K. and Nagelhout, G.E. and Herbeć, A. and Janik-Koncewicz, K. and Agar, T.K. and Gravely, S. and Thompson, M.E. and EUREST-PLUS Consortium",
    journal = "Central European Journal of Public Health",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "30",
    pages = "III108-III112",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "1210-7778",
    doi = "10.1093/eurpub/ckaa056",
    keywords = "adult;  article;  child;  demography;  European Union;  Germany;  Greece;  human;  human tissue;  Hungary;  law;  non-smoker;  passive smoking;  Poland;  Romania;  Spain;  female;  major clinical study;  male",
    abstract = "Background: There is currently no comprehensive legislation protecting non-smokers and children from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars at the European Union (EU) level. This study aims to assess smokers’ support for smoke-free cars legislation in six EU countries. Methods: Data come from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys: Wave 1 (2016, n ¼ 6011) and Wave 2 (2018, n ¼ 6027) conducted in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. Support for smoke-free cars carrying pre-school children and non-smokers and voluntary implementation of smoke-free cars were assessed among adult smokers. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess changes in support between waves. Results: In 2018, 96.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 95.4–97.0%] of the overall sample supported smoke-free legislation for cars carrying pre-school children, representing an increase of 2.4 percentage points in comparison to 2016. Smoke-free legislation for cars transporting non-smokers was supported by 85.2% (95% CI 83.1–87.1%) of smokers’ in 2016 and 90.2% (95% CI 88.6–91.7%) in 2018. Among smokers who owned cars, there was a significant 7.2 percentage points increase in voluntary implementation of smoke-free cars carrying children from 2016 (60.7%, 95% CI 57.2–64.0%) to 2018 (67.9%, 95% CI 65.1–70.5%). All sociodemographic groups of smokers reported support higher than 80% in 2018. Conclusion: The vast majority of smokers in all six EU countries support smoke-free legislation for cars carrying pre-school children and non-smokers. This almost universal support across countries and sociodemographic groups is a clear indicator of a window of opportunity for the introduction of comprehensive legislation to protect non-smokers and children from SHS exposure in cars. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved."
}