@article{3104367,
    title = "Global longitudinal strain of the systemic ventricle is correlated with plasma galectin-3 and predicts major cardiovascular events in adult patients with congenital heart disease",
    author = "Frogoudaki, A.A. and Pantelakis, I. and Bistola, V. and Kroupis, C. and Birba, D. and Ikonomidis, I. and Alexopoulos, D. and Filippatos, G. and Parissis, J.",
    journal = "MEDICINA-LITHUANIA",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "56",
    number = "6",
    pages = "1-9",
    publisher = "MDPI AG",
    doi = "10.3390/medicina56060305",
    keywords = "biological marker;  galectin;  LGALS3 protein, human;  plasma protein, adult;  aged;  blood;  cardiovascular disease;  complication;  congenital heart malformation;  female;  Greece;  human;  male;  middle aged;  pathology;  predictive value, Adult;  Aged;  Biomarkers;  Blood Proteins;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Female;  Galectins;  Greece;  Heart Defects, Congenital;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Predictive Value of Tests",
    abstract = "Backround and Objective: We sought to assess in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients the prognostic value of plasma galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels and systemic ventricular global longitudinal strain (SV GLS) as well as their association with NTproBNP and arrhythmogenesis. Materials and Methods: We studied 58 patients (26 men, mean age 37 ± 16.8 years) with various congenital heart diseases. Patients underwent echocardiogram, 24 h ambulatory ECG monitoring, while NTproBNP and Gal-3 were measured. They were followed up (median of 790.5 days-IQR 350.3 days) and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded. Results. Mean Gal-3 levels were 17.07 ± 6.38 ng/m. Plasma Gal-3 was correlated with LogNTproBNP (r = 0.456, p = 0.001).Gal-3 levels associated with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (p < 0.001) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) (p < 0.001), but was not associated with MACE (HR 1.018, 95% CI 0.944–1.098, p = 0.641).Mean SVGLS in patients with systemic left ventricle was −15.91% ± 4.09%, which was significantly lower compared to patients with systemic right ventricle and patients with single ventricle (−11.42% ± 3.37% and −11.9% ± 5.06%, respectively, p = 0.021).SV GLS correlated with plasma Gal-3 (r = 0.313, p = 0.027) and logNTproBNP (r = 0.479, p < 0.001). SVGLS correlated with VT arrhythmias (p = 0.004). NTproBNP predicted MACE (AUC 0.750, p = 0.03). SVGLS also predicted MACE (AUC 0.745, p = 0.03. In multivariate analysis, SVGLS and logNTproBNP maintained their predictive value (p = 0.004 and p = 0.009, respectively) Conclusion: In ACHD patients, SV GLS was found to predict MACE independently from NTproBNP and correlated with VT. Gal-3 correlated with NTproBNP and SVGLS as well as SVT and VT, but has not been shown to bear significant prognostic potential. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}